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Wikipedia
A Tool Of The Ruling Elite
ON CONTACT
Helen writes for RT
And is on Twitter @Bellocirapture23
http://www.helenofdestroy.com/
RT America: Published on Oct 20, 2018
On the latest episode of On Contact, investigative journalist Helen Buyniski exposes
Jimmy Wales' egalitarian Wikipedia as yet another tool of the ruling elite. More from Helen here: http://helenofdestroy.com/index.php/4...
Find RT America in your area: http://rt.com/where-to-watch/
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Category: News & Politics
ON CONTACT: Wikipedia – A Tool Of The Ruling Elite
Two Clintons -41 years - $3 Billion
https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/clinton-money/??noredirect=on
A Washington Post investigation reveals how Bill and Hillary Clinton have methodically cultivated donors over 40 years,
from Little Rock to Washington and then across the globe. Their fundraising methods have created a new blueprint for politicians and their donors.
The Clintons have raised $3 billion in support of their political and philanthropic efforts over four decades. Nearly all the funds went to support six federal campaigns and their family foundation.
By Matea Gold, Tom Hamburger and Anu Narayanswamy - Published on Nov. 19, 2015
LITTLE ROCK — Over four decades of public life, Bill and Hillary Clinton have built an unrivaled global network
of donors while pioneering fundraising techniques that have transformed modern politics
and paved the way for them to potentially become the first husband and wife to win the White House.
The grand total raised for all of their political campaigns and
their family’s charitable foundation reaches at least $3 billion, according to a Washington Post investigation.
Their fundraising haul, which began with $178,000 that Bill Clinton raised for his long-shot 1974 congressional bid, is on track to expand substantially with Hillary Clinton’s 2016 White House run, which has already drawn $110 million in support.
The Post identified donations from roughly 336,000 individuals, corporations, unions and foreign governments in support of their political or philanthropic endeavors — a list that includes top patrons such as Steven Spielberg and George Soros, as well as lesser-known backers who have given smaller amounts dozens of times. Not included in the count are an untold number of small donors whose names are not identified in campaign finance reports but together have given millions to the Clintons over the years.
The majority of the money — $2 billion — has gone to the Clinton Foundation, one of the world’s fastest-growing charities, which supports health, education and economic development initiatives around the globe. A handful of elite givers have contributed more than $25 million to the foundation, including Canadian mining magnate Frank Giustra,who is among the wealthy foreign donors who have given tens of millions.
Separately, donors have given $1 billion to support the Clintons’ political races and legal defense fund, making capped contributions to their campaigns and writing six-figure checks to the Democratic National Committee and allied super PACs.
The Post investigation found that many top Clinton patrons supported them in multiple ways, helping finance their political causes, their legal needs, their philanthropy and their personal bank accounts. In some cases, companies connected to their donors hired the Clintons as paid speakers, helping them collect more than $150 million on the lecture circuit in the past 15 years.
The couple’s biggest individual political benefactors are Univision chairman Haim Saban and his wife, Cheryl, who have made 39 contributions totaling $2.4 million to support the Clintons’ races since 1992. The Sabans have also donated at least $10 million to the foundation.
The Clintons kept big contributors in their orbit for decades by methodically wooing competing interest groups — toggling between their liberal base and powerful constituencies, according to donors, friends and aides who have known the couple since their Arkansas days.
They made historic inroads on Wall Street, pulling in at least $69 million in political contributions from the employees and PACs of banks, insurance companies, and securities and investment firms. Wealthy hedge fund managers S. Donald Sussman and David E. Shaware among their top campaign supporters, having given more than $1 million each.
The Clintons’ ties to the financial sector strained their bonds with the left, particularly organized labor. But unions repeatedly shook off their disappointment, giving at least $21 million to support their races. The public employees union AFSCME has been their top labor backer, giving nearly $1.7 million for their campaigns.
The Clintons’ fundraising operation — $3 billion amassed by one couple, working in tandem for more than four decades — has no equal.
By comparison, three generations of the Bush family, America’s other contemporaneous political dynasty, have raised about $2.4 billion for their state and federal campaigns and half a dozen charitable foundations, according to a Post tally of their fundraising from 1988 through 2015 — even though the family has collectively held the presidency longer than the Clintons.
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."..".. Wikipedia is meant to function with unpaid volunteers who become create and edit Wikipedia web pages about different subjects and people ...over the years the editor user base built up to a peak of around 100,000 volunteer unpaid editors in around 2007 and then gradually started to decline ... the volunteer unpaid editors would then create a Wikipedia Web Page and all put their input into editing a Wikipedia Web Page until there was a general consensus reality as to what the facts of the person or subject matter was on the particular topic of the Wikipedia Web Page was ... then as these things start to calcify ... the hierarchy of Wikipedia takes place and control ... so now Wikipedia is not completely egalitarian ... there are administrators ...a sort of Wikipedia Supreme Court ... the Arbitration committee which obviously ends up with various factions vying for power ...by 2007 Wikipedia become the Utopia of Rules ...to use a phrase..."..
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges..." ... Wikipedia say they have around 100,000 volunteer editors ...congressmen ... business people become extremely concerned about what is on their Wikipedia page…”
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges..." A report on Wikipedia stated stated that editors found hundreds of what you call "Sock Puppets" linked to one company... Wiki PR which explained that it employed not only of the garden variety by also professional administrative editors capable of deleting and freezing pages .. Wiki PR claimed over 12,000 clients from household names Viocom to Priceline to minor firms .. whose pages were repeatedly deleted for not meeting Wikipedia's notability standards ... "
Sock Puppets
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.... " Sock Puppets are basically fake accounts that are all run by one person but pretend to be multiple people ... in Wikipedia if there is a disagreement you want to have other people to come in and take your side ... because in that way there is some sort of democratic element to it... but the Wiki Pr Scandal was because they were openly advertising there services on this website and finally it emerged that they were advertising on their website but they were not advertising who they were on Wikipedia ...so ... the fact that they had corralled admin people in Wikipedia to help them edit and delete websites ... the admin people in Wikipedia are meant to be more trust worthy ... these business es are concerned because when you Google their business name and their Wikipedia entry turns up and nobody wants to look bad.. "
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges..... "you were right about the USA Government interfered in Wikipedia ... a tracing program called Wiki Scanner discovered that computers at CIA headquarters did edits to entries on the US invasion of Iraq and the biographies on the former CIA Head William Colby and former US Presidents Ronald Regan and Richard Nixon .. also an FBI computer was also used the edit the Wikipedia page on Guantanamo Bay Detention Facility.... e-voting machine-vendor Diebold deleted 15 paragraphs from a Wikipedia article on e-voting machine-vendor Diebold, excising an entire section critical of the company's machines.... while the Vatican and the British Labour Party were also prolific in editing Wikipedia pages ... since the intelligence agencies have had to try and camouflage their edits or outsource their edits or outsource them to third parties"...
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.." it was pretty easy to do that ...just get some guy to front for them ... they were being so obvious about it.. well as its anonymous ... anyone can do it... lets just edit from our work computer .... that's like really bad upset …”
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges..... "... so you have a huge network of entities outside Wikipedia ... constantly revising and editing Wikipedia and one of the things that you point out in your article is that often the prime target of these edits are those critical of capitalism, imperialism, such as George Galloway ...and there have been all sorts of fake entities as somebody presenting themselves as Philip Cross who made 14 edits to my own Wikipedia page ... but goes after figures such as George Galloway and Jeremy Corbyn ... if it is a single person ... who knows... made hundreds of thousands of edits ... 130,000 edits to more than 30,000 pages and all of them ... are about defaming critics ... "
George Galloway is a British politician, broadcaster and writer. Between 1987 and 2015, with a gap in 2010–12, he represented four constituencies as a Member of Parliament, elected as a candidate for the Labour Party and later the Respect Party.
Jeremy Bernard Corbyn is a British politician serving as Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition since 2015. Corbyn was first elected Member of Parliament for Islington North in 1983. Ideologically, he identifies himself as a democratic socialist.
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.." ... this is one of these obsessive types ... he will make a tiny little change and if it is left alone he will edit it a little bit more ... this is obviously the sign on an extremely obsessive person ...or a team that is working in concern ... I mean .... if you look at the amount of time editing .. it is the equivalent of a full time job and then some ... so I find it difficult to believe it is a single person ... but there is definitely a political double standard ..I mean people like Philip Cross are allowed to go after the left wing... the progressives ... the anti capitalists ...anti imperialists ..."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. "... so as you point out while they are defaming those figures ... there's very clear intent ... on he part of the managers of Wikipedia to prop up other figures such as Hillary Clinton ... "
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.." ... yes Hillary Clinton was the beneficiary of the most obvious Wikipedia PR Campaign that was coming straight from the top .. they hired the Clinton Foundation's PR Firm .. the Manasion Group ... yeh ... Wiki Media the non profit arm of the Wikipedia ... they made around $75 million last year on revenue .. in the form of donations .. it used to be donations form users ,.. now its donations from users and large corporations and governments ... like the government of Kasistan ... they'll take money form anybody ... you pay the money and you get the right desired coverage ... its no surprise if you look at the list of companies that have donated to Wikipedia ..they have pretty nice Wikipedia pages .. you are not going to find any Philip Cross us there mucking up their nice material up on their Wikipedia Pages .."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. "... what about the Hilary Clinton page compared with the Donald Trump page..."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... well if you look at the Hillary Clinton Wikipedia Page compared to the Donald Trump Wikipedia Page .. there will be all sorts of unsighted and unsourced allegations against Donald Trump that he said something racist about this and that ... yo will see a whole page devoted to the Russiangate Conspiracy .... whereas with Hillary Clinton... her Wikipedia Page is so sanitised ... i think its much shorter ..."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. "... you as an outsider cannot make any changes..."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... yes it is protected ... there are varying levels it is protected .. ... otherwise there would be users coming into regularly trying to set the record straight and edit the Hillary Clinton Wikipedia Page ... there was definitely a user who regularly came in and changed any edits made on the Hillary Clinton Wikipedia Page .. such as edits stating that the Clinton Foundation had taken off with a lot of money from Haiti ... non of these edits were allowed to remain on Wikipedia during election season ... nothing negative such as the emails scandal surrounding Hillary Clinton .... was allowed to remain during election season ... I don't know the full level of protection .... there seems to be varying levels of protection .... there are protected pages and ever more highly protected pages .. there is no doubt that Hillary Clinton has definitely got Secret Service Protection of her Wikipedia Page ..."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... "..The New York Police Department white wash dozens of Wikipedia entries in March 2015 when Wiki Scanner Technology linked hundreds of edits to computers at the NYPD... what were they doing?..."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... oh they were all covering up all sorts of NYPD scandals ... of which there are many ..."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " .... including the death of Eric Garner .. the Satan Island man that was cocked to death.."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... yeh ... for supposedly selling untaxed cigarettes ... he wasn't even selling untaxed cigarettes ...which was left out of most accounts of the story ... that they they tried to make out other victims of the NYPD were much more threatening than they are ... "
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... "... Sean Bell ..."
Sean Bell was shot in the New York City borough of Queens, New York, United States, on November 25, 2006
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... yeh... they tried to remove the entry on Shawn Bell.. .. Paul Cello .. he's not notable ... it has to be noteable if is going to be in Wikipedia ...I think a guy leaving his bachelor party riddled with 50 bullets if pretty notable .. but ... I don;t know ... I'm not the NYPD .... they modified the entry to make it sound like a much more reasonable procedure than it really was ... the other ones are allowed ti make the changes until somebody catches them ... then there is a big scandal.."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges ... "... look at Jeremy Corbin... describe Jeremy Corbin's and the Labour Party ..."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski..".. this is one of the insidious ones ... it is not like they are outright lying about the guy ... but there is a question of the undue weight they give to different materials..... part is about his political party and his political achievements ..ans then the bottom half is all the allegations of his comments of anti-semitism and the labour party .. it just like making this guy out to be Adolf Hitler .... you know ... you guys need to write about something else .... "
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " from you conclusion Wikipedia is pretty amicable to these kinds of changes... "
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... oh yeh ... there is definitely a double standard ... as you said ... they go after the anti capitalists ... the anti imperialist ones...
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges ... "... I want to talk about Wales ... the head of Wikipedia .. tell me a little bit about him.."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski..".. well Jimmy Wales got his start on the Internet running a Porn Search Engine...Bomis or Bommis? .. I'm not sure how to pronounce it .. then there was this side project of an encyclopedia .. but it was too expensive and took too long to create the information to put onto the website... as it was not making any money .. then they came up with the idea of outsourcing the edits... but then he realised that he could not run adds on it and thus did not want to work for him ...if he was going to put adds on there which was meant to be an depository of knowledge ...he quickly turned Wikipedia into a non profit ... and since found a way to cash in that way ...."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges ... ".. well the people writing the pages .... number one they are anonymous ... number two ... they often have no background of the subjects they are writing about ... "
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski ".. there is actually an antipathy against experts ... which is one of the reasons why the two co-founders split ... Jimmy Wales tried to white wash the other co-founder out of history ..this guy Larry Sanger who ... Wikipedia really was his pet project ... who didn't like the whole anti-elitism of the thing ... he said the trolls came in and took over and this is what the story of Wikipedia has been ever since ...the trolls came in and took over ... so its like ..."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges .... " .. you quote ... is it ..'Kings Indian'..the user name ... this person writes ... 'would anyone accept a newsroom where anonymous contributions with undisclosed conflicts of interest argue about things? Where expertise is irrelevant? Where contributors' work is unpaid? There is no editor or copy editor, and no one takes responsibility for the final product?' .... "
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski..".. and that's what you've got with Wikipedia ... it's treated with this sacred information source .. Google uses it as a fact check .. so does YouTube and ... FaceBook was going to use it for a while and know their using snopes.com (The definitive Internet reference source for urban legends, folklore, myths, rumors, and misinformation) ... which is just as bad ... yeh its the first thing you see when you Google you're name ... if you're a notable person .. if you Google a company ... or you Google anything ...so ... Wikipedia are the Sacred arbiter of knowledge ... its terrifying when you look at who's doing the editing ... "
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " you argue that those who have close personal relationships with Jimmy Wales ... such as Tony Blair ... or one can assume Hillary Clinton ... from her Wikipedia Page ... are edited in such a way to take out anything that is remotely negative against them .... talk about Tony Blair for instance ... I didn't know this but Tony Blair's financial wealth is 37 homes, ten houses an 27 flats ... worth £27 million pound plus millions of pounds distributed through a network ... I don't know this ... I suppose that is what you get for selling out the Labour Party ... and shoving the Iraq War down our throat ... working as public relations on behalf of dictators in Kuwait ... in Egypt and everywhere else ..."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski..".. yep .. and Jimmy Wales doesn't really want anybody to know about that ... so Jimmy Wales will through temper tantrums if someone mentions that when the Kazakhstan Scandal broke that Wikipedia had ..."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... "... please explain as this is a kind of window of how it works... "
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... also Wiki Media ... the non profit arm of Wikipedia was funding someone affiliated with the government of Kazakhstan to basically to basically beef up and expand the Kazakhstan the Wikipedia page ... because they have Wikipedia for most of the world's languages at this point .. and they tried to make out that this was an independent Wikipedia Organisation in Kazakhstan ... when the guy used to work for the State TV Station ... the guy that runs Kazakhstan Wikipedia ... Wiki- Billiom ... I believe its called ... and its funded by the Kazakhstan Sovereign Wealth Fund ... so this guy is so tied in with the dictators of Kasistan ...its not even funny ... but Jimmy Wales goes ... 'no its independent ... I have nothing to do with Kazakhstan ... this is an outrage ... and of course this was the same time that Tony Blair was consulting .. made $13 million dollars consulting PR for Kazakhstan and so its very incestuous ... and the fact that Jimmy Wales tries to pretend that this is not in any way objectionable morally is hard to swallow .."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " ... what do the pages look like? ..."
.. investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... its basically the official line of everything from the Government of Kazakhstan and they basically took entries from the Kazakhstan State Encyclopaedia and put them into Wikipedia ... well why would you want people to write their own? ....."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " in 2011 ... this was the year that Wikipedia's founder was named Wikipedian of the Year ... being the same year 14 police massacred 14 protesters during an Oil Field Strike that turned into a riot ... and the government declares a state of emergency and restricts access to journalists ...."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... yep... so the only information you are going to get out of Kazakhstan is by reading the Wikipedia page on Kazakhstan ... something tells me that this massace wasn't going to be on the Kazakhstan Wikipedia page ... "
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " ...what has this done to our system of information ... I'm surprised as somebody who has watched ... i do not go onto my Wikipedia site too much ... but when I go on there ... there are always trolls that have written in garbage ... often falsehoods ... or an you say ... it maybe nominally sourced falsehoods ...what is this doing to our system of information...?.."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski ..." well its just ...its the fact that people take this as value is really degrading the meaning of the concept of truth ... for one thing ... because it has become this consensus thing ... where anybody who has an axe to grind and get in there and ruin somebody's reputation .. and sometimes you try to fix that lie they have told about you and it is impossible and you can't get your page taken down ... they pride themselves in not taking people's pages down ... "
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " also it is about which publications they consider credible and those which they don't...
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... that too ...."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " ... so Mother Jones of the Nation are not considered credible sources ... basically any source outside of the mainstream ... "
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski..".. so any alternative media are not allowed ... so..."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " ... what about Fox News?.."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski..".. Fox News was only made 10 years ago which is primarily an advertising network... and now its pretending to be respectable...but this is now considered to be mainstream media ...so..."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " ... how effective do you think its been in terms of altering public perception .."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski..".. I unfortunately think its been quite effective ... because if somebody isn't very well versed in this topic ... like say progressive and leftist politics ... and they go to Google somebody's name ...or they look them up on Wikipedia ... and that is what they will see .. and they don't really know ... because they are only interested in these things on a surface level ... they don't know to question .. I mean .."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... "... they also don't know the biases of the people editing the Wikipededia Page .... because they are anonymous ... we don't know who they are .... "
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... you can see there is a page for edit history where you can at least see the editor's username and you can at least see the editor/user's other edits are but ... most people do not have time or the inclination to do that ... there are obviously some ideology motivated actors ... which only just work on a certain thing... which is supposed to be against the rules ... but one again the rules only apply to some people ... "
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " you say there is not way to tell whether the editor is an editor or malicious actor ... in 2007 a prolific Wikipedia editor who claimed to be a graduate professor with degrees in theology and in Canon Law ... is revealed to be a 24 year old college drop out ... Ryan Jordan who contributed 16,000 Wikipedia entries during his time on the site rose to become a member of the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee ... Wikipedia's Supreme Court before he was unmasked .... it is a simple matter for powerful groups like pharmaceutical Industry and the CIA to infiltrate Wikipedia and liable their enemies ... people like Gary Null, John Pilger ... Seymour Hersh and Glen Greenwald who have a history of shinning the spotlight on the corruption and criminality of our institutions ... how better to silence them than to assassinate their Character ..."
Glenn Edward Greenwald (born March 6, 1967) is an American attorney, journalist, and author, best known for his role in a series of reports published by The Guardian newspaper beginning in June 2013, detailing the United States and British global surveillance programs, and based on classified documents disclosed
https://theintercept.com/staff/glenn-greenwald/
Glenn Greenwald is one of three co-founding editors of The Intercept. He is a journalist, constitutional lawyer, and author of four New York Times best-selling books on politics and law. His most recent book, “No Place to Hide,” is about the U.S. surveillance state and his experiences reporting on the Snowden documents around the world. Prior to co-founding The Intercept, Glenn’s column was featured in the Guardian and Salon. He was the debut winner, along with Amy Goodman, of the Park Center I.F. Stone Award for Independent Journalism in 2008, and also received the 2010 Online Journalism Award for his investigative work on the abusive detention conditions of Chelsea Manning. For his 2013 NSA reporting, he received the George Polk Award for National Security Reporting; the Gannett Foundation Award for investigative journalism and the Gannett Foundation Watchdog Journalism Award; the Esso Premio for Excellence in Investigative Reporting in Brazil (he was the first non-Brazilian to win), and the Electronic Frontier Foundation’s Pioneer Award. Along with Laura Poitras, Foreign Policy magazine named him one of the top 100 Global Thinkers for 2013. The NSA reporting he led for the Guardian was awarded the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for public service.
Gary Michael Null (born 1945) is an American talk radio host and author who advocates for alternative medicine and naturopathy..Gary takes on the real issues that the mainstream media is afraid to tackle. Tune in to find out the latest about health news, healing, politics, and the economy.
https://thegarynullshow.podbean.com/
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... yep .. just try and get your page taken down .. there's a function so you can have an alert set ..so that even if they do succeed in sending in other editors to change their pages or try to remove their pages to eradicate the libels against them on Wikipedia .. they can just have their Ruling Class representatives come right back in and change it back .. so its a losing game until it becomes much more obvious to the world at large that Wikipedia is a website that should have any credibility at all ... then ... I mean ... it would be one thing if Wikipedia was just considered to be a bias source ... like sort of a trash rag ... like the bathroom wall .... I like to call it ... but Wikipedia is not ... Wikipedia is considered the holy oracle of truth, and its really anything but ... "
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " ... well ... as many writers will tell you ... I do events where people get up and read to my horror... will just get up as an introduction and read a section of my Wikipedia Page ... "
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... .. its intellectual laziness basically ... well you don't want to dig to find the real information so you just go to this sort of feeding trowel of lazy trolls ... and dreg up what you get there and then I mean..."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " ... well its part of the whole salt on scholarship ... on research ... on verifiable fact ... its just one more mechanism by which ... public discourse is contaminated ..."
Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski..".. very much so ... there's the whole thing about if you're not paying for something in the Internet ... then your the product ... so this just creates this replicable sort of brainwashed entity ... its not even brainwash .. there is not even that much work that goes into it ... but its just like empty ... your need for a higher level of knowledge is not there ..."
RT America’s Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Chris Hedges.. ... " ... well this is what happens when society severs itself from a print based culture ..."
.Investigative journalist Helen Buyniski.."... unfortunately that's true .."
That was an interview with investigative journalist Helen Buyniski ... her work can be found on
www.helenofdestroy.com
Helen of desTroy live on INN World Report w/Tom Kiely - 2 Apr 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tiqg2ZCORyQ
Helen of Destroy: Published on Apr 15, 2019
Talking with INN World Report's Tom Kiely about the future (or lack thereof) of the free internet post-Article 13, the ignominious demise of Russiagate, the weaponization of climate change, & the perils of attempting to defy the Second Law of Thermodynamics. (go to www.helenofdestroy.com for more)
PRISM has been largely forgotten in the wake of more recent NSA/CIA scandals
PRISM has been largely forgotten in the wake of more recent NSA/CIA scandals, but at the time of its exposure, Facebook and Google were in the process of creating secure portals to allow the NSA to more easily access their data, and it’s absurd to think they halted that project because of a silly leak. The Snowden revelations managed to change precisely nothing about how Americans interact with the security state, except to erode the expectation of privacy we once had. A browser plugin, back doored to the NSA, tracking one’s un-American activities, is the setup for the worst kind of Minority-Report-esque pre-crime detention. And thanks to the same National Defense Authorization Act that allowed the Pentagon to turn its venerable propaganda apparatus on American citizens, the security state can detain us indefinitely without a warrant should the mood strike - even mow us down like dogs in our homes if it doesn’t like our web history.
NewsGuard itself is supposedly staffed by “real journalists” as opposed to the algorithm that protects us from conspiracy theories on YouTube, and it has already been exposed as hopelessly corrupt. Those in the mainstream media who’ve heard of NewsGuard were perplexed by its rating of Fox News as “trustworthy,” believing a right-leaning network could not possibly rate the coveted green checkmark. All was made clear when Fox broadcast a puff piece hailing NewsGuard as the “killer app” that would save journalism - a clip NewsGuard immediately added to the list of "endorsements" on their website. You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours.
This corruption became even clearer when NewsGuard was persuaded to change its “untrustworthy” rating of the Daily Mail, the British tabloid which was also the first mainstream news source to be declared untrustworthy by just a handful of editors on Wikipedia. The Mail, for all its flaws - and there are many - has more traffic than any other online news outlet (not counting aggregators like Drudge). When an anonymous Mail editor wrote a polite point by point refutation and sent it to NewsGuard, their rating was changed to green, ensuring the Mail would not publish a scathing attack on the noble censor - which could have smothered it in its cradle - while also making the plugin look eminently reasonable (see, they do change their ratings if they’re wrong!). Everybody wins! MintPress, of course, tried the same thing months ago, only to be ignored and vilified.
Breitbart, miffed after being slighted by the NewsGuard team despite their diligent cheerleading for every neocon regime-change operation, compiled a telling list of proven hoaxes the extension has approved. More than anything else, the list highlights the obvious perils of a blacklist - scare stories like the Washington Post’s infamous “Russia hacked Vermont utilities” are never properly retracted because they’re designed to percolate in the reader’s subconscious so the next time they read about Russian malfeasance they’re more favorably inclined toward the idea. Facts are stupid things that merely get in the way of a good narrative. In the same way, a story published on Breitbart or RT - even if it came from ur-Reliable Source the Associated Press - gets the scarlet shield of shame through guilt by association. NewsGuard is laughably, irredeemably flawed, and no intelligent person would ever download it.
Helen of desTroy live on INN World Report w/Tom Kiely - 2 Apr 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tiqg2ZCORyQ
Helen of Destroy: Published on Apr 15, 2019
Talking with INN World Report's Tom Kiely about the future (or lack thereof) of the free internet post-Article 13, the ignominious demise of Russiagate, the weaponization of climate change, & the perils of attempting to defy the Second Law of Thermodynamics. (go to helenofdestroy.com for more)
Category: People & Blogs
Keith Duran
The UK has passed a law giving up to 15 year jail sentence for viewing "terrorist" websites. Next they will declare Wikileaks a "terrorist" organization. Happy (belated) 70th Birthday to NATO! Now Go Home, You've Outlived Your Purpose
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUSA2mGJLRU
Helen of Destroy: Published on Apr 9, 2019
NATO was founded 70 years ago to "contain" communism as embodied in the Soviet Union. This means it has lived nearly 30 years past its expiration date. Without an enemy to keep it in check, NATO has metastasized in a way that would turn any cancerous tumor green with envy, growing with leaps and bounds even as its raison d'être faded into memory. It now contains more than twice as many countries as it did when formed, some of which abut Russia's borders, and seems to exist for the sole purpose of provoking Russia - and extorting tribute payments from its component countries, with a hint that something nasty could befall them should they fail to cough up 2% of GDP. Anyone who smirks at this suggestion need only research Operation Gladio - the real mission NATO covered for, which continues to this day. Any countries that got out of line - leaning a little too far to the left, say, or (in more recent years) calling out the war crimes of one particular non-NATO US ally - might suddenly find themselves victim of a terror attack (spoiler alert: there's no "might" here - it never fails). "That's a nice country you got dere - would be a shame if anything happened to it..." related: https://www.globalresearch.ca/us-its-... if you like this video, please SHARE it & SUBSCRIBE. YouTube is actively suppressing this channel - watch view counts go backwards before your very eyes - & if we leave it up to them no one will ever see this material. wouldn't want that on your conscience, would you?! at least share it to jab a pointy stick in the Polyphemus-eye of Google. because if they hate me enough to sit on my channel i'm clearly doing something right. also subscribe on bitchute for the inevitable day this channel is memory-holed: helenofdestroy. & for MOAR, MOAR, ALWAYS MOAR go to helenofdestroy.com
Category: People & Blogs
False Flag Weekly News 8 March 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUzCcMy3AnA
Helen of Destroy: Published on Mar 31, 2019
(this is a mirror of my first guest appearance on Kevin Barrett's False Flag Weekly News. NoLiesRadio lost its YouTube channel after telling too much truth, so the only place their videos are currently available is Vimeo, which no one uses. original description follows:) False Flag Weekly News is a weekly investigative news program that covers extremely controversial subjects. We want to remind our viewers that “Questioning” of Official Government or Mainstream Media Stories Is Not Hate Speech, nor is it Fake News, it is Free Speech that is protected by the 1st Amendment to the US Constitution. Supreme Court unanimously reaffirms: There is no ‘hate speech’ exception to the First Amendment washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/06/19/supreme-court-unanimously-reaffirms-there-is-no-hate-speech-exception-to-the-first-amendment/ The False Flag Weekly News anchored by Dr. Kevin Barrett and Prof. Tony Hall looks behind the headlines and main stream media stories to get at what’s really going on in the world. From violations of international law to initiating WWIII, you don’t want to miss what they and their guests have to say about the stories behind the stories. Today's Guest Host: Helen Buyniski Click here for today's news story links: noliesradio.org/archives/163051
Category: People & Blogs
Published on Apr 12, 2019
Conservative author Jerome Corsi reacts to the arrest of Julian Assange saying the Wikileaks founder is being unjustly prosecuted.
Assange arrest shows Moreno is ‘CIA asset,’
turning Ecuador into ‘vassal’ – former FM
21 Apr, 2019
https://www.rt.com/news/457170-patino-ecuador-moreno-vassal-cia/
Julian Assange and Ricardo Patino meet at Ecuador's embassy in central London on June 16, 2013.
Ecuador turns to Interpol to arrest former foreign minister & Assange supporter Patino
The decision of Ecuador’s government to terminate Julian Assange’s asylum is “savagery” and has heavily damaged the dignity of the county, which caved in to the US as if it was its “vassal,” former FM Ricardo Patino told RT.
The former official, who is a vocal supporter of the WikiLeaks co-founder, believes the arrest of Assange has greatly damaged the image of Ecuador, its constitution, as well as the international law as a whole.
“This is an insult to the dignity of our country, it is lawlessness – to allow the British police to enter our embassy and pull out the person we gave asylum to. And according to our constitution and international agreements it is forbidden to extradite him, this is called the principle of non-refoulement,” Patino told RT Spanish in an exclusive interview.
Aside from that, he said Assange still holds Ecuadorian citizenship (currently “suspended” by the government). The country’s laws explicitly prohibit handing over its citizens to be persecuted under foreign laws, Patino noted. The amount of violations is “savagery from a legal point of view,” and Patino says it has clearly shown the country’s president – Lenin Moreno – surrendered to the US “as a vassal.”
Patino then accused the incumbent president of being a puppet of the CIA, tasked with destroying the legacy of his socialist predecessors.
“All that Moreno does is an attempt to completely destroy what we have built. Undoubtedly, it was planned and it was planned with the CIA involvement. He is not smart enough to come up with something like this, so it is staged by the US Embassy,” Patino claimed, adding that a CIA representative frequents presidential and government meetings, telling Ecuadorian leadership what to do.
Ecuador Detains a Friend of Assange. Critics Say It’s Guilt by Association.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/21/world/americas/ecuador-ola-bini-assange.html
An anti-government protest in Quito that was prompted in part by
Ecuador’s decision to no longer protect the WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange
By José María León Cabrera
April 21, 2019
Leer en español
QUITO, Ecuador — Just hours after the British police dragged the WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange out of the Ecuadorean Embassy in London, the police in Ecuador made an arrest they suggested was related and involved the nation’s security.
But in the days since, the arrest has drawn a wave of protest from human rights activists and digital security advocates who say there is no evidence yet of a crime — only that of guilt by association.
The man arrested, Ola Bini, a Swedish cybersecurity expert and digital privacy advocate, was detained April 11 on charges that he had attacked computer systems in the country.
As evidence, prosecutors pointed to the laptops, iPads, iPods, encrypted USB sticks and credit cards they found when they searched Mr. Bini’s home and possessions. They noted that Mr. Bini traveled often and had spent more than $230,000 in internet services over the past five years.
Ecuador’s officials particularly cited Mr. Bini’s contacts with Mr. Assange, who faces extradition to the United States on charges of conspiring to hack an American government computer to obtain national security information.
Last week, President Lenin Moreno of Ecuador said that Mr. Bini was one of “many hackers” who had visited Mr. Assange at the country’s embassy in London, where the WikiLeaks founder had sought refuge. “Probably to receive instructions,” Mr. Moreno added.
But as news of the detention has spread, human rights and digital security advocates have begun to question the grounds for the detention, arguing that Mr. Bini, 36, worked to prevent illegal access to private information.
Ola Bini, right, a Swedish programmer and digital privacy advocate, with his father last year in Brazil.CreditGörel Bini Gustafsson
Amnesty International and Article 19, an organization that defends free speech, have raised concerns about the arrest.
Mr. Bini “is a highly respected expert in digital security and cryptography and is recognized for major contributions in the field,” Article 19 said in a statement. David Kaye, the United Nations’ special rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression, said that nothing revealed so far connects Mr. Bini to any crime.
Danny O’Brien, the international director at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, said Mr. Bini’s work had helped build a safer internet. The evidence that Ecuadorean authorities presented was simply “the sort of equipment you have when you work in those sort of projects,” he said.
“People contributing their free time to protect internet users have their skills and their lifestyle used against them,” Mr. O’Brien said, a point of recurring concern among human rights advocates.
Mr. Bini was arrested at the international airport in Quito, Ecuador’s capital, on his way to Japan to take part in a martial arts program, said his girlfriend, Sofia Celi. Later, government officials went on television to applaud the arrest — and mention his visits to Mr. Assange.
The minister of interior, María Paula Romo, said the government was trying to prevent Ecuador from turning into a center for digital “espionage and piracy.” Ms. Romo said she could not comment on the evidence against Mr. Bini, but she, too, noted that he had visited Mr. Assange at the Ecuadorean Embassy “at least a dozen times.”
Mr. Bini’s lawyers say the detention is unlawful. They say he was denied access to lawyers for 17 hours, was not informed of the charges against him, and was not offered a translator, as required by local laws. His lawyers said they have been harassed and threatened by the police.
Mr. Bini, who was not granted bail, will remain in custody for 90 days while Ecuadorean prosecutors build a case against him.
Mr. Bini’s father, Dag Gustafsson, and his lawyer, Carlos Soria, during a news conference in Quito.
Mr. Bini moved to Ecuador in 2013, when he was working as a consultant for ThoughtWorks, a technology company based in Chicago. The Ecuadorean government had contracted with the company to consult on a new law governing software development.
He had joined the company around 2008, and when ThoughtWorks started offering cybersecurity consultancies, Mr. Bini focused on that area, said Ronaldo Ferraz, who was ThoughtWorks’ manager for Latin America and Africa at the time and oversaw Mr. Bini’s work.
He said that Mr. Bini was being accused of doing “the very same things he protected people against” and that the idea of Mr. Bini’s illegally accessing private information “runs contrary to everything he believes.”
Two weeks after Mr. Bini’s arrival in Ecuador, he gave an address titled “Ecuador as a Privacy Paradise” at a technology event hosted by a state university, during which he expressed concern about governments’ use of technology to monitor citizens.
After his arrest, Mr. Bini’s parents flew to Ecuador and gave a news conference denying their son was involved in wrongdoing and saying that his friendship with Mr. Assange was not enough to incriminate him.
Mr. Bini’s girlfriend, Ms. Celi, is a coder herself and has written academic papers with him on cryptography. She said there seemed to be a lack of understanding about the work Mr. Bini did, and what “cryptographic and privacy-preserving tools actually mean.”
Published on Apr 12, 2019
"I don't agree with all the things Jullian Assange used to do, but the main point is that his human rights were being violated," Ecuador's former president Rafael Correa tells François Picard after the arrest of the WikiLeaks founder in London. Correa spoke to us from Brussels. Subscribe to France 24 now: http://f24.my/youtubeEN
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http://f24.my/YTliveEN François Picard interviews Rafael Correa, the President of Ecuador at the time that Assange was granted asylum in the Ecuadorian embassy, about the recent arrest of Assange after Ecuador's president withdrew his asylum.
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Rafael Correa the former president of Ecuador was then asked … “…if it had been in your tenure as president of Ecuador … that this kind of allegation had been published … while your hosting Julian Assange .. would have you reacted the same way …”
Rafael Correa the former president of Ecuador then replied… “not at all .. we had problems with Julian Assange .., during the last presidential election in the United States I was president of Ecuador …”
The reporter then asked… “you cut off his internet access in October 2016 for a short while …?”
Rafael Correa the former president of Ecuador then replied … “.. yes … yes … we cut of Julian Assange’s Internet Access for as short time we believed Julian Assange was interfering with the US Presidential Election … we didn’t agree with that … but after that Julian Assange still continued living in the Ecuador Embassy … you can punish .. you can limit the activities of the refugee … but you can not expel Julian Assange, the refugee from the embassy … “..
The reporter then asked… “… from the reports provided Julian Assange was not the easiest guest to deal with and have living in the Ecuador Embassy for many stated reasons ..”.
Rafael Correa the former president of Ecuador then replied … “.. well we have to see .. these seem to be lies … but this is irrelevant … you do not grant asylum to someone who is a human being … he’s nice… or he’s disgusting …. because he’s handsome … he’s fat … no … we granted asylum to Julian Assange’s because his human rights were in danger … and these conditions continue until now … and the fundamental basement principle of the institution of Asylum …. is not to return the refugee to people requiring his … yet … that is exactly what the Ecuadorian Government has now done …. so … it is something incredable .. it is not possible to justify something lake this …”
The reporter then asked… “ the Foreign Policy Magazine in 2016 stated that WikiLeaks had sat on documents published in relation to Russia’s role in the Ukraine …. do you think that WikiLeaks is one sided?..”
Rafael Correa the former president of Ecuador then replied … “.. perhaps .. I do not care about that … we did not grant Asylum to Julian Assange because WikiLeaks and Julian Assange is doing a good job … he is doing a bad job … or because we like Julian Assange … I don’t know Assange … I have never met Assange … we decided to grant political asylum to Julian Assange inside the international legal framework … because we observed and we realised that Julian Assange’s human rights were in danger … because Julian Assange did not have the opportunity for a fair process in the United States … some people in the United States wanted to pursuit him … to judge him with a law including a penalty … that penalty is against human rights … its against the international convention of human rights …it is for these reasons that we decided to grant Julian Assange political asylum … not because he liked Julian Assange .. not because we agree with him … there are a lot of things that I do not agree with Julian Assange over what Julian Assange used to do … but the main point … the important point was that the Julian Assange’s human rights were in danger … Julian Assange was condemed from the beginning of the government of Lenin Moreno ….”..
The reporter then asked… “ … WikiLeaks data dumps helped sway an American Election on way ….is it something that you think about …?”
Rafael Correa the former president of Ecuador then replied … “.. yes… yes … of course … for that reason we warned Julian Assange … and he didn’t pay attention and we cut the Internet Service until the US Election had already taken place … and after that we returned the Internet Service to Julian Assange …. you want to punish Julian Assange for that … no no … Julian Assange was under the protection of the Ecuador State …. it was our duty to protect Julian Assange’s basic rights … if you want to punish WikiLeaks … you can sue Wikileaks … you can start some type of legal process against Wikileaks … but I do not know how to relate that to the political asylum of Julian Assange …. what do you mean? …. because of the actions of WikiLeaks you have to expel Julian Assange from the Ecuador Embassy … that doesn’t make sense …”
The reporter then asked… “ .. you don’t think that you were being manipulated by Russia in this case…?”
Rafael Correa the former president of Ecuador then replied … “..I don’t know … if you know something let me know please ….”..
The reporter then asked… “ … what is your reaction to what Donald Trump said about WikiLeaks and the arrest of Julian Assange….?!”
Rafael Correa the former president of Ecuador then replied … “… I did not listed to what Donald Trump said about WikiLeaks and the arrest of Julian Assange..”
The reporter then said … “..Donald Trump said WikiLeaks and Julian Assange are not really his thing…”
Rafael Correa the former president of Ecuador then replied … “.. what reaction can I have … I do not care what Donald Trump says of what he doesn’t say ....”
The reporter then asked … “… where is going to go in Ecuador now with this investigation …. the INA Papers Leak ..?”
Rafael Correa the former president of Ecuador then replied … “..this is a huge scandal … there is no escape for Moreno … he’s gonna be in jail soon … and because of that … and because of revenge … Moreno wanted to crush Julian Assange … Moreno wants to crush me … he wants to crush everybody that he hates …. but this is too big a scandal … we discovered his secret bank account … in a tax haven … where Moreno has money laundering … so you should be very worried about that … be very concerned about that … the whole planet must request to open this bank account ….” ..
https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/597pvk/edward-snowden-assange-arrest-mueller-report
Edward Snowden
When Edward Snowden was stranded in a Russian airport, before the government of Vladimir Putin granted him asylum, he turned to WikiLeaks and their lawyers for help. Since then, Snowden has inevitably been linked to WikiLeaks and its founder Julian Assange.
Naturally, when Snowden sat down with CYBER host Ben Makuch, we asked him what he thought about Assange’s case. For Snowden, the story about Assange’s arrest should focus more on Ecuador’s motivations, and the fact that Assange is being held to a different standard than president Donald Trump. The former NSA analyst mentioned the fact that Ecuador got $4.2 billion in funds from the International Monetary Fund in early March as a sign the country was getting closer to the West, and in turn more inclined to give up Assange.
“Journalists who have been covering the story haven’t really been looking at that, because Julian as an individual is such a tragically flawed figure,” Snowden said.
Snowden also criticized people who changed their minds about Assange after the 2016 election.
“A lot of Americans now hate Julian,” he said. “Even though the sort of people who are on the center to the left part of the spectrum had been singing his praises during the Bush administration, now they’re on the other side because of his unfortunate political choices in the 2016 elections.”
Yet, Snowden defended Assange’s journalism work in the lead up to the 2016 elections, arguing the leaked emails, which major media companies covered, showed that the Democratic Party tried to favor Hillary Clinton over Bernie Sanders. That, Snowden said, “had profound public interest.”
As Motherboard reported last week, the Department of Justice says that it isn’t positive that Assange helped whistleblower Chelsea Manning crack a password hash in order to obtain cables related to the Iraq War, but that he’s being charged with that crime anyway. Snowden juxtaposed his treatment with that of Trump’s treatment in Robert Mueller’s report.
“Mueller says it didn’t actually result in obstruction because the people that Trump ordered to do this simply ignored him,” Snowden said. “The DOJ’s defense of not charging Trump is look he tried to commit a crime but he failed to actually do this. And at the same time they’re charging Julian Assange under precisely the opposite theory. Where they say ‘Look, Julian may not have actually cracked a password—we don’t have any evidence that he did, we’re not even going to try to prove that he did, we’re going to say that the agreement to try is enough.”
“So this is a real question of a two-tiered system of justice. Where if you’re the president and you try to commit a crime, you can skate,” he added. “Why is it that journalists are being held to a higher standard of behavior than the president of the United States?”
Finally, Snowden attacked the Department of Justice for charging Assange with conspiracy to crack a password, “a pretty low level infraction relative to the things Assange has been accused of in his life.”
Listen to CYBER, Motherboard’s new weekly podcast about hacking and cybersecurity
Got a tip? You can contact this reporter securely on Signal at +1 917 257 1382, OTR chat at lorenzofb@jabber.ccc.de, or email lorenzofb@motherboard.tv
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Alexandria Division
United States of America
V.
Julian Paul Assange
Defendant
Under Seal
Criminal No. 1:18cr///
Count 1: Conspiracy to Commit Computer Intrusion (18 U.S.C. ** 371, 1030(a)(1), 1030(a), 1030(2)(B)(ii)
Filed in Open Court March 6th 2018
March 2018 Term - at Alexandria, Virginia
Indictment
THE GRAND JURU CHARGES THAT:
GENERAL ALLEGATIONS
At times to this Indictment:
1, Chelsea Manning, formerly known as Bradley Manning, was an intelligence analyst in the United States Army, who was deployed to Forward Operating base Hammer in Iraq.
2. Manning held a “Top Secret” security clearance, and signed a classified information nondisclosure, acknowledging that the unauthorized disclosure or retention or negligent handling of classified information could cause irreparable injury to the United States or be used to the advantage of a foreign nation.
3. Executive Order No. 13526 and its predecessor order define the classification levels assigned to classified information. Under the Executive Order, information may be classified as “Secret” if its unauthorized disclosure reasonably could be expected to cause serious damage to the national security. Further, under the Executive Order, classified information can generally only be disclosed to persons who have been granted an appropriate level of United States government security clearance and posses a need to know the classified information in connection to their official duties.
4. Julian Assange was the funder and leader of the WikiLeaks website. The WikiLeaks website publicly solicited submissions of classified, censored, and other restricted information.
5. Assange, who did not possess a security clearance or need to know, was not authorized to receive classified information of the United States.
6. Between in or around January 2010 and May 2010, Manning downloaded four, nearly complete databases from departments and agencies of the United States. These databases contained approximately 900,000 Afghanistan war-related significant activity reports, 400,000 Iraq war-related significant activities reports, 800 Guantanamo Bay Detainee assessment briefs, and 250,000 U.S. Department of State cables. Many of these records were classified pursuant to Executive Order No. 13526 or its predecessor orders. Manning provided the records to agents of WikiLeaks so that WikiLeaks could publicly disclose them on its website. WikiLeaks publicly released the vast majority of the classified records on its website in 2010 and 2011.
7. On or about March 8, 2010, Assange agreed to assist Manning in cracking a password stored on United States Department of Defence computers connected to the Secret Internet Protocol Network, a United States Government Network used for classified documents and communications, as designated according to Executive Order No. 13526 or its predecessor.
8. Manning, who had access to the computers in connection with her duties as am intelligence analyst, was also using the computers to download classified records to transmit to WikiLeaks. ARmy regulations prohibited Manning from attempting to bypass or circumvent security mechanisms on Government-provided information systems and from sharing personal accounts and authenticators, such as passwords.
9. The portion of the password manning gave to Assange to crack was stored as a “hash value” in a computer file that was accessible only by users with administrative-level privileges. Manning did not have administrative-level privileges, and used special software, namely a Linux operating system, to access the computer file and obtain the portion of the password provided to Assange.
10. Cracking the password would have allowed Manning to log onto computers under a username that did not belong to her. Such a measure would have made it more difficult for investigators to identify Manning as the source of disclosure of classified information.
11. Prior to the formation of the password-cracking agreement, manning had already provided WikiLeaks with hubndreds of thousands of classified records that she downloaded from departments and agencies of the United States, including the Afghanistan war-related significant activity reports and Iraq war-related significant activities reports.
12. At the time he entered into this agreement, Assange knew that Manning was providing WikiLeaks with classified records containing national defense information of the United States, Assange was knowingly receiving such classified records from Manning for the purpose of publicly disclosing them on the WikiLeaks website.
13. For example, on March 7, 2010, manning and Assange discussed the value of the Guantanamo Bay detainee briefs, and on March 8, 2010, before entering the password cracking-agreement, Manning told Assange that share was “throwing everything (she had) on JTF GTMO at (Assange) now.” Manning also said “after this upload, that’s all I really have got left”. To which Assange replied, “curious eyes never run dry in my experience.” Following this, between march 28, 2019, and April 9, 2010, manning used a United States Department of Defense computer to download the U.S. Department of State cabled that WikiLeaks later released publicly.
14. The general allegations set forth in paragraph 1 through 13 are re-alleged and incorporated into this Count as though fully set forth therein.
15. Beginning on or about March 2, 2010, and continuing thereafter until on or aboutr March 10, 2010, that exact date being unknown to the Grand Jury, both dates being approximate and inclusive, in an offense begun and committed outside of the jurisdiction of any particular State or district of the United States, the defendant, JULIAN PAUL ASSANGE< who will be first brought to the Eastern District of Virginia, did knowingly and internationally combine, conspire, an offense against the United States, to wit:
(A) to knowingly access a computer, without authorization and exceeding authorized access, to obtain information that has been determined by the United States Government pursuant to an Executive order and statute to require protection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national defence and foreign relations, namely, documents relating to the national defense classified up to the “Secret” level, reason to believe that such information so obtained could be used to the injury of the United States and the advantage of any foreign nation, and to willfully communicate, deliver, transmit, and cause to be communicated, delivered, or transmitted the same, to any person not entitled to receive it, and willfully retain the same and fail to delivery it to the officer or employee entitled to receive it; and
(B) To internationally access a computer, without authorization and exceeding authorized access, to obtain information from a department and agency of the United States in furtherance of a criminal act in violation of the laws of the United States, that is, a violation of Title 18, United States Code, Sections 371, 1030(a)(1), 1030(a)(2), 10330(c) (2) (B) (ii).
PURPOSE AND OBJECT OF THE CONSPIRACY
16. The primary purpose of the conspiracy was to facilitate Manning’s acquisition and transmission of classified information related to the national defense of the United States so that WikiLeaks could publicly disseminate the information on its website.#
MANNERS AND MEANS OF THE CONSPIRACY
17. Assange and his co-conspirators used the following ways, manner and means, among others, to carry out this purpose:
18. It was part of the conspiracy that Assange and Manning used the “Jabber” online chat service to collaborate on acquisition and dissemination of the classified records, and to enter into the agreement to crack the password stored on United State Department of Defense computers connected to the Secret Internet Protocol Network.
19. It was part of the conspiracy that Assange and Manning took measures to conceal Manning as the source of the disclosure of classified records to WikiLeaks, including by removing usernames from the disclosed information and deleting chat logs between Assange and Manning.
20. It was part of the conspiracy that Assange encouraged Manning to provide information and records from departments and agencies of the United States.
21. It was part of the conspiracy that Assange and Manning used a special folder on a cloud drop box of WikiLeaks to transmit classified records containing information related to the national defense of the United States.
ACTS IN FURTHERANCE OF THE CONSPIRACY
22. In order to further the goals and purposes of the conspiracy, Assange and his co-conspirators committed overt acts, including, but not limited to, the following:
23. On or about March2, 2010, manning copied a Linux operating system to a CD, to allow Manning to access a United State Department of Defense computer file that was accessible only to users with administrative-level privileges.
24. On or about March 8, 2010, manning provided Assange with part of a password stored on United States Department of Defense computers connected to the Secret Internet Protocol Network.
25. Pm or about march 10, 2010, Assange requested more information from Manning related to the password. Assange indicated that he had been trying to crack the password by stating that he had “no luck so far.”
3/6/18
Date
A TRUE BILL
FOREPERSON
Tracy Doherty-McCormick
Acting United States Attorney
The Threat to the media posed by Trump's prosecution of Julian Assange
JulianAssange_USA_Inditement_1-7_Pages (1).pdf
0.7 MB
Published on Nov 2, 2018
Pain relief medication is easily available over the counter in many countries.
Our documentary investigates the big business of painkillers. [Online until: 02.12.2018]
Millions of consumers in Germany and France are well provided for with cheap, fast-acting, over the counter painkillers without any significant side effects -- diclofenac, ibuprofen, aspirin and paracetamol. At least, that’s how it looks. But the pharmaceutical industry influences politicians and doctors and cover up fatal risks, as this investigative documentary shows.
More than 150 million packs of over-the-counter painkillers are sold in Germany and France every year.
But patients are rarely given enough information about what they are taking. Over the counter pain relief worth more than half a billion euros are sold annually. The investigative journalists behind the US website "Dollars for Docs" are following the money.
In the documentary, Pulitzer Prize-winner Tracy Weber explains how they come by the data of US doctors who receive money from the pharmaceutical industry, in the form of lecture fees, consulting fees or vacation trips.
Some physicians earn as much as a million dollars a year in addition to their normal practice.
Questions about the independence of these physicians have now led to a new law in the US that requires doctors to disclose the funds they receive from industry. Featuring both critics and advocates of the practice, the documentary looks at how physicians are involved in the pharmaceutical industry. Meanwhile, Waldtraut Eicke’s case shows just how fatal faith in analgesics can be.
Years of analgesic use has made her a dialysis patient. Her kidneys no longer work - known in the jargon as "analgesic kidneys.” _______
DW Documentary gives you knowledge beyond the headlines. Watch high-class documentaries from German broadcasters and international production companies. Meet intriguing people, travel to distant lands, get a look behind the complexities of daily life and build a deeper understanding of current affairs and global events. Subscribe and explore the world around you with DW Documentary. Subscribe to DW Documentary: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCW39...
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Published on Jun 23, 2017
Can money and power ever make us happy? How much is enough? Our constant desire for more is part of our human nature.
Some call it a useful dowry of evolution, others a fault in the human genetic make-up:
The old mortal sin Greed seems to be more ubiquitous than ever.
Why can't people ever get enough, where is this self-indulgence leading - and are there any ways out of this vicious circle of gratification?
"People like to have a lot of stuff because it makes them the feeling of living forever,"
says American social psychologist Sheldon Solomon, who believes today's materialism and consumerism
will have disastrous consequences. Anyone who fails to satisfy his or her desires in this age of the Ego is deemed a loser.
But with more than 7 billion people on the Earth, the ramifications of this excessive consumption of resources are already clear.
Isn’t the deplorable state of our planet proof enough that "The Greed Program,"
which has made us crave possessions, status and power, is coming to an end?
Or is the frenzied search for more and more still an indispensable part of our nature?
We set off to look for the essence of greed. And we tell the stories of people who -
whether as perpetrators or victims or even just as willing consumers - have become accomplices in a sea change in values.
Check out our web special: http://www.dw.com/en/tv/greed/s-32898 _______
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Assange is seen in videos frantically boxing with an imaginary sparring partner
47-year-old then paces around a tiny kitchen as he guzzles from a drink carton
48-WikiLeaks co-founder also waves both his arms as if he is conducting orchestra
Assange was dragged unceremoniously out of Ecuador's embassy on April 11
By VIVEK CHAUDHARY IN ALICANTE FOR MAILONLINE
PUBLISHED: 12:17, 19 April 2019
The erratic behaviour of Julian Assange during his self-imposed exile has been dramatically captured in videos and documents obtained by MailOnline.
Assange's seven-year stay in Ecuador's embassy in central London resulted in a bizarre existence, making him an eccentric Robinson Crusoe type figure who resorted to desperate means to keep himself occupied.
The newly-emerged videos show Assange, 47, with fists clenched and his arms pumped as he frantically boxes with an imaginary sparring partner.
Julian Assange has his fists clenched and his arms pumped as he frantically boxes with an imaginary sparring partner at the Ecuadorian embassy in London
He then paces around a tiny kitchen as he guzzles from a drink carton and walks in and out of an adjoining larder.
In another video, the WikiLeaks co-founder vehemently waves both his arms as if he is conducting a symphony orchestra in his spartan kitchen, walks aimlessly into an adjoining larder and then reappears only to turn around and return once again.
Assange's shabby appearance and peculiar conduct is a far cry from the fresh faced, energetic man who defied some of the world´s most powerful nations through his controversial WikiLeaks work.
He first took refuge and claimed asylum in Ecuador´s London embassy in June 2012 to escape Swedish authorities from extraditing him for a case of rape and sexual assault.
Julian Assange then paces around a tiny kitchen as he guzzles from a drink carton and walks in and out of an adjoining larder
Assange resorted to desperate means to keep himself occupied inside the London embassy
He feared that once in Sweden, America would eventually extradite and prosecute him for a series of high profile Pentagon leaks, which the country claimed threatened its national security.
Another video graphically underlines the high price Assange has paid for his solitary defiance.
He slept in a small bedroom, that was once an office and had use of a narrow, austere kitchen.
The images show Assange standing beside a decrepit mini electric stove, preparing to cook something while bouncing up and down on the spot, his trousers falling below his waist, revealing the top of his backside.
Documents obtained by MailOnline also show that Ecuadorian officials vehemently complained about his personal etiquette during his stay in their embassy.
One document accuses Assange of smearing excrement around the light switch on the wall of the men's toilet and the edge of the toilet seat.
+1
A document addressed directly to Assange and dated March 30, 2015 refers to a complaint that he had left bottles filled with urine in the embassy's communal kitchen after the country´s ambassador was alerted by staff
Assange is pictured being arrested and led out of the Ecuadorian Embassy on April 11
Written in Spanish by one of the embassy's security officials and accompanied by photographs, it notes: 'I am reporting that on the night of Friday September 28, when the security guard went to use the men's toilet he was shocked to find stains on the toilet seat and the light switch smeared with excrement.
'It should be indicated that apart from the security guard there were no other visitors and the only person who used the toilet was Mr Asange. The security guard had to clean the dirty area before he could use the toilet.'
Ecuador's President Lenin Moreno and other officials from the South American country have accused Assange of smearing excrement on the walls of the embassy and of maintaining poor hygiene, which they insist contributed to their decision to withdraw his asylum status earlier this month.
When Ecuador announced its decision, Mr Moreno tweeted that it was because Assange 'repeated violations to international conventions and daily-life protocols.'
+10
This letter states in Spanish: 'Dear Ambassador, I am reporting that on the night of Friday 28 September, when the security guard went to use the men's toilet he was shocked to find stains on the toilet seat and the light swtich smeared with excrement. It should be indicated that apart from the security guard there were no other visitors and the only person who used the toilet was Mr Asange. The security guard had to clean the dirty areas before he could use the toilet'
+10
Assange gives a thumbs up as he arrives at Westminster Magistrates' Court on April 11
Another document, addressed directly to Assange and dated March 30, 2015 refers to a complaint that he had left bottles filled with urine in the embassy´s communal kitchen after the country´s ambassador was alerted by staff.
It warns: 'As per his (the ambassador's) instructions I am writing you a letter to state that this constitutes an inappropriate behaviour that has generated a sanitation and hygiene risk for all Embassy Staff, and that it must not be repeated.'
The country´s Interior Minister Maria Paula Romo also claimed that Assange´s mental and physical health had deteriorated during his stay in the embassy and the he also began acting aggressively towards his hosts.
She added that he had been 'allowed to do things like put faeces on the walls of the embassy and other behaviours of that nature.'
Assange's lawyer Jenifer Robinson has accused Ecuador of making up the allegations about his personal behaviour and that he was also spying on the country.
+10
The Ecuadorian Embassy in London is pictured on April 11 after Assange was arrested by police
+
1Assange is pictured making a statement from the Ecuadorian embassy on May 19, 2017
She said: 'I think the first thing to say is Ecuador has been making some pretty outrageous allegations over the past few days to justify what was an unlawful and extraordinary act in allowing British police to come inside an embassy.'
Following Ecuador's withdrawal of asylum status, a disheveled Assange, supporting a fuzzy, unruly beard and unkempt hair, was dragged unceremoniously out of the nation's embassy by eight policemen to a waiting police van as he ranted about Donald Trump and screamed 'the UK has no civility.'
He appeared before Westminster Magistrate's Court where he was found guilty of failing to surrender to the court and now faces a possible 12 month prison sentence.
Assange is also preparing to battle extradition to the United States over an allegation that he had conspired with former army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning to break into a classified government computer.
If he is sent to the US, it will disappoint his celebrity supporters such as Pamela Anderson and Yoko Ono who have visited him and campaigned on his behalf.
Published on Jan 30, 2016
Stephanie Flanders examines one of the most revolutionary and controversial thinkers of all.
Karl Marx's ideas left an indelible stamp on the lives of billions of people and the world we live in today.
As the global financial crisis continues on its destructive path, some are starting to wonder if he was right.
Marx argued that capitalism is inherently unfair and therefore doomed to collapse, so it should be got rid of altogether.
Today as the gap between rich and poor continues to cause tension,
his ideas are once again being taken seriously at the heart of global business.
Stephanie travels from Marx's birthplace to a former communist regime detention centre in Berlin and separates his economic analysis from what was carried out in his name. She asks what answers does Marx provide to the mess we are all in today.
September 8th, 2010
by ABC News
http://www.flarenetwork.org/learn/asia_and_pacific/article/australia_bikies_triads_officials_linked_in_drug_smuggling_ring.htm
One of the nation's biggest investigations into organised crime has exposed an international drug importation syndicate with links to the Comancheros outlaw bikie gang, Chinese triads and corrupt Australian officials
The two-year Operation Hoffman has uncovered how multi-million-dollar crime syndicates are operating like multinational enterprises, evading police by drawing on local and overseas resources and the latest technology.
It has led to major ecstasy, heroin and crystal methamphetamine drug busts across Australia, the biggest-ever drug bust on the Pacific island group of Tonga, and the discovery in May last year of a bikie armoury in Sydney - including automatic weapons and imitation police equipment.
Those arrested include alleged drug runners with links to Chinese triads and the Perth president of the Comancheros, Steven Milenkovski.
Despite Hoffman severely damaging the bikie group, the Comancheros have continued establishing a foothold in Melbourne under the control of local club controller Amad 'Jay' Malkhoun, a convicted heroin trafficker with interests in several Melbourne strip clubs
Operation Hoffman, a landmark multi-agency investigation led by the Australian Crime Commission, has also revealed the deep links between drug importers and rogue Australian maritime workers.
A joint ABC Four Corners and The Age investigation into organised crime can also reveal that:
The two-year Operation Hoffman has uncovered how multi-million-dollar crime syndicates are operating like multinational enterprises, evading police by drawing on local and overseas resources and the latest technology.
It has led to major ecstasy, heroin and crystal methamphetamine drug busts across Australia, the biggest-ever drug bust on the Pacific island group of Tonga, and the discovery in May last year of a bikie armoury in Sydney - including automatic weapons and imitation police equipment.
Those arrested include alleged drug runners with links to Chinese triads and the Perth president of the Comancheros, Steven Milenkovski.
Despite Hoffman severely damaging the bikie group, the Comancheros have continued establishing a foothold in Melbourne under the control of local club controller Amad 'Jay' Malkhoun, a convicted heroin trafficker with interests in several Melbourne strip clubs.
One of Hoffman's key targets is Hakan Ayik, 32, from Sydney, who is understood to have worked as the local manager of an international drug syndicate with strong links to the triads and which used domestic criminal networks, including outlaw bikie clubs, as distributors and to provide muscle.
NSW police intelligence describes Ayik as a ''very serious money maker'' who ''generates a lot of money'' for the Comancheros and has multiple links to waterfront workers. Operation Hoffman ended earlier this month after NSW police issued an arrest warrant for Ayik for drug trafficking. It is believed he is now on the run.
The crime syndicate targeted by Hoffman also has links to allegedly corrupt NSW police analyst Terry Gregoriou, who was charged last December for allegedly leaking police files to the Comancheros via an intermediary.
The syndicate has also cultivated contacts with figures with access to the NSW prison system - including a serving prison officer - to pass money and messages to jailed crime figures.
Operation Hoffman's success lies in the cooperative efforts of traditionally mistrustful state and federal policing agencies, including NSW police, the NSW Crime Commission, the Australian Federal Police and anti-money laundering agency Austrac.
However, a senior law enforcement insider has revealed to Four Corners that despite its success, inadequate resourcing meant Operation Hoffman was unable to reach its full potential.
He said the criminal network it targeted "will reform very, very quickly". The insider said the ACC needed far more investigators to run major inquiries targeting the movement of illicit funds offshore, crucial to Operation Hoffman.
Under-resourced
The consensus among senior police is that the ACC is badly under-resourced given the size and reach, here and abroad, of Australia's new breed of technologically savvy and well-resourced underworld figures.
Federal Labor Senator Steve Hutchins, who is briefed by senior police as chairman of the ACC parliamentary committee, told Four Corners that major drug seizures had not affected the supply or price of drugs, which indicated Australia was clearly "not winning that war [against drug trafficking]".
Victorian Police Chief Commissioner Simon Overland said that drug data supported the view that policing agencies were only "making a small number of seizures in the total volume of drugs'' that enter the country.
This view is backed by former NSW police assistant commissioner Clive Small and the former head of Victoria's Purana gangland murder taskforce, Jim O'Brien.
"You'd have to be kidding yourself if you thought you were getting any more than probably 10 or 15 per cent off the street," Mr O'Brien said.
Senator Hutchins also called for reforms to combat organised crime on the waterfront because corruption in the sector was aiding the importation of drugs.
"The law enforcement agencies have been exposing what's been going on [on the waterfront] ... it's whether or not we as politicians are prepared to give them the weapons ... they need to combat it," he said.
Senior police sources have said the Federal Government's wharf security regime is a failure. The launching of a state and federal policing taskforce to combat organised crime on the wharves in NSW has been slowed due to inter-agency talks. It is set to be fully operational in the next fortnight.The other frightening thing is that there believed form research undertaken that there is a strong link between Freemasonry and the Triads, and that Freemasons who want a murder carried out, who do not want to get their hands dirty, will use the Triads to do this work. After all, many senior Freemasons are senior judges, magistrates, barristers, police, politicians and so-called respectable businessmen who would never want to risk their reputations and/or the reputation of Freemasonry being links to a murder investigation, so their Triad connection is ideal. The Triads are already report in WikiPedia and other major reliable news and information organizations as being involved with illegal activities such as illegal gambling, loan sharking, money laundering, murder, heroin and opium, arms trafficking, prostitution, people smuggling, extortion, counterfeiting and, to a lesser extent, home invasion robberies.. etc, so another murder allegation against the Triads would bee seen as the Triads just going about their normal business activities.
CARLY CRAWFORD- HERALD SUN-JANUARY 22, 2014
AN Asian triad is moving to infiltrate Australian horse racing, sparking an unprecedented investigation by racing authorities.
The Herald Sun can reveal a suspected senior figure, active within Hong Kong's notoriously violent crime gangs, has invested heavily in thoroughbred racing in Australia.
He owns a local horse stud and has connections to some of the biggest-name horses in Australian racing, including a Melbourne Cup runner.
Law enforcement and integrity figures believe the crime boss is a triad money launderer. Racing Integrity Commissioner Sal Perna confirmed he would investigate the man's activities with assistance from the Australian Crime Commission.
"We have received information about this matter and disclosed it to the ACC for assessment," Mr Perna said.
The Herald Sun cannot identify the figure or his assets for legal reasons.
The suspected triad figure is known to global integrity authorities as a key player in a powerful Hong Kong triad.
Hong Kong's dominant triads are the Sun Yee On and 14K.
A wealthy and apparently legitimate businessman, the figure heads a global manufacturing empire.
His business interests span a range of other fields, including mining, property, resources and horse racing.
He heads an international organisation that has secured ownership of a horse stud in Australia and has purchased a number of horses, according to industry figures. The stud acquired by his firm is home to some of the finest thoroughbred bloodlines in Australia. In a statement to the Herald Sun, Hong Kong police declined to publicly identify any triad members, but said: "Some individual members or persons claiming to have triad affiliations are occasionally found involving in criminal activities overseas or cross-boundary."
Triad-related crime accounts for about three per cent of all crime in Hong Kong, police said. The alleged triad figure heads a big investment firm that is listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange. Its business interests extend to Macau, the United Kingdom, China and Australia.
It does business out of a tropical tax haven.
The triad figure is listed as a director of a public company in Australia whose business relates to thoroughbreds. The Sun Yee On is Hong Kong's biggest, richest and best organised triad. It has tens of thousands of members and deals in nightclub standover, illegal gambling, drugs and extortion. According to officials from the Hong Kong Police Organised Crime and Triad Bureau, the Sun Yee On remains ¬active. Some of its members are alleged to have Communist Party links and dozens have been arrested for slashing to death members of rival gangs. Triad 14K is known for loansharking, illegal gambling and the brutal public executions of its rivals.
http://www.fas.org/irp/world/australia/docs/ncaaoc2.html
(return to table of contents)
3.1 The words 'Asian', 'organised' and 'crime' each require a brief comment in order to explain the scope of the remainder of this discussion paper.
3.3 The Report of the Review of Commonwealth Law Enforcement Arrangements recommended that the NCA have 'a strategic and/or coordination role' in respect of eleven matters, three of which were 'Chinese Triad Societies', 'Vietnamese organised crime groups', and 'Yakuza groups' (para. 7.50(4)). The Government has accepted this recommendation.
3.4 The Committee recognises that the vast majority of the ethnic communities referred to are not involved in organised, or indeed any, criminal activity. In using ethnicity as a defining factor, the Committee is following the well-established practice of law enforcement agencies both in Australia and overseas. In the view of these agencies, the particular criminal organisations use membership of the relevant ethnic group as a key factor in determining who is allowed to participate, especially at the more senior levels or in taking the major roles in particular crimes. Ethnic group membership is sometimes seen as a key factor enabling ethnic-group organised crime to be more successful than other groups. note#4 It is a matter for debate, however, whether the ethnic factor is sometimes overstated in the context of 'Asian organised crime' in Australia.
3.5 Russian organised crime has attracted a great deal of media interest since the break-up of the Soviet Union. However, it is not covered in this discussion paper, mainly because it is not conventionally considered as 'Asian'. Moreover, there is, it seems, little evidence that it has established any Australian presence so far. Only one significant case appears to have been reported, the one in 1993 by the Australian Federal Police (AFP): note#5
In January 1993, the AFP provided ACS [Australian Customs Service] with information which led to the targeting of Russian ships visiting Melbourne. As a result, a Russian seaman was arrested as he left the dock area in possession of 5.5kg of heroin and l50g of cannabis resin. Further inquiries resulted in the arrest of two alleged principals in Melbourne. This operation was the culmination of several years investigation and resulted in the identification of alleged syndicate members in the former Soviet Union and Australia. AFP members have travelled to Russia and as a result liaison has been established with the Russian police authorities.
3.6 However, by omitting consideration of Russian organised crime from this discussion paper, the Committee is not taking issue with the view that Australian agencies must remain alert to the real possibility that Russian-based criminal groups may target Australia. The Committee notes that the Report of the Review of Commonwealth Law Enforcement Arrangements recommended that the NCA have 'a strategic and/or coordination role' in respect of, amongst other groups, 'Eastern Block Organised Crime Groups', and that the Government has accepted this recommendation
3.7 Although geographically part of Asia, the Lebanon is not normally considered 'Asian' in the context of discussion of Asian organised crime. Hence, the Committee's discussion paper does not cover the activities of organised Lebanese criminal groups in Australia, although the Committee notes that such groups have for many years been involved in drug trafficking into Australia. note#6
3.8 Organised crime groups of ethnic Koreans reportedly exist in the United States, note#7 but there is nothing that the Committee is aware of to suggest they have established any presence in Australia.
3.9 The question of how best to define the term 'organised crime' has caused much debate over the years. note#8 For the purposes of this discussion paper, the Committee does not consider it necessary to enter into this debate or to define organised crime in any rigorous way. The following definition used by the NCA will serve: 'For the purpose of describing the broader criminal environment, the NCA defines organised crime as a systematic and continuing conspiracy to commit serious offences'. note#9
3.10 The Committee recognises, however, that an important issue in assessing the threat from, and the impact of, Asian organised crime in Australia is the degree to which it is organised. One of the suggestions made in this discussion paper is that Asian organised crime, as it impacts on Australia at least, is considerably less organised than might be thought from an uncritical reading of media reports. The Committee considers that the following observation made in 1989 by Dr Grant Wardlaw is pertinent in this context:
It seems that one problem we have is that we may often confuse criminal organisation or sophistication with organised crime. As society becomes more complex and as technologies open the way to new crimes or more sophisticated or larger scale ways of committing old ones, so the nature of crime is changing with the result that it is, almost by definition, becoming more organised. Looked at this way, most major crime will eventually become organised crime. Surely this is not what we mean when we speak of organised crime though, and use its existence to justify the creation of new investigative agencies and the legislating of new powers? Nevertheless, it seems to me that many of the cases, particularly in the drug trafficking field, which are cited as evidence of the grip of organised crime are evidence of nothing more than organisation and (rarely) sophistication. To be sure, this constitutes a serious law enforcement problem, but one which does not carry the sinister implications of being 'organised crime'. note#10
4.1 The attention of Australian law enforcement agencies has focused on Chinese organised criminal activity in relation to a wide range of matters, including drug importation and distribution, illegal gambling, illegal prostitution, extortion, immigration malpractice and money laundering. A relatively new area in which organised ethnic-Chinese are believed to be prominent is sophisticated credit card fraud. note#11 There appears to be no solid evidence of significant organised, ethnic-Chinese, street gang activity, although it is difficult to be sure as there are many media reports that refer simply to 'Asian' gangs. note#12
4.2 The priority interest of Australian agencies has been in relation to organised, ethnic-Chinese, involvement in heroin trafficking into Australia from south-east Asia.
4.3 A 1991 assessment for the Commonwealth Government stated:
In terms of what might be termed 'mainstream' importation of heroin to meet Australian market demand, the principal source region (in terms of regularity of supply) is South-East Asia. This statement is not intended to diminish the importance and threat from other regions; a significant amount of heroin is known to be sourced from South-West Asia and the Middle East (even though seizure results indicate that these areas are responsible for 5 to 10 per cent of overall supply, some enforcement authorities estimate that the real order of magnitude is much higher than this). The assertion concerning South-East Asia as the principal source of heroin supply is persuasively based on both the consistent intelligence reporting on criminal activities and in the investigative outcomes of successful seizures of heroin. note#13
4.4 Others agree on the importance of south-east Asia as a source of the heroin arriving in Australia. The Report of the New South Wales Crime Commission for the year ended 30 June 1993, for example, stated on page 16 that 'the large importations mainly originate in China and South East Asia'. More recently, the Australian Federal Police (AFP) stated: 'Some 80% of the heroin seized in Australia can be sourced to the Golden Triangle' note#14 - that is, to the area in south-east Asia where Burma, Thailand and Laos meet.
4.5 Australian law enforcement agencies believe that ethnic Chinese have been for many years, and still are, the major organisers of heroin imports into Australia. A 1988 media report cited the National Crime Authority's Chinese liaison officer as saying that the Chinese had been linked to every major seizure of heroin in the previous two financial years, totalling 63 kg, and that an estimated 96 per cent of those cargoes seized had been triad-related. note#15
4.6 A 1991 assessment stated: 'The AFP and others estimate that Chinese crime groups are responsible for the importation of perhaps 80 per cent of all heroin being imported into Australia'. note#16 According to a media report based on a leaked 1992 national intelligence assessment, 85 to 90 per cent of heroin imports into Australia were organised by Chinese organised crime groups. note#17 The NSW Crime Commission reported in 1993: 'Essentially, heroin importation is largely controlled by persons of Chinese origin in Australia and overseas'. note#18 The AFP said in 1994 that:
Stability in the price of heroin and its quality in Australia indicate the importation of heroin into Australia is well organised and dominated by Chinese Organised Crime groups. Heroin is routed through Bangkok, the Malay Peninsula, Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China. note#19
Some groups are concentrated at certain levels. Thus it has been observed that the highest stratum is often occupied by persons of Chinese origin who tend to be responsible for the introduction of much heroin to Australia and conduct the largest bulk transactions. It is unusual to find persons of Chinese origin in a supply stratum involving small quantities. The pattern is less consistent with other groups which will buy bulk locally and also engage in importation. Their associates within a group may occupy a range of levels in the supply chain and they will deal with groups which dominate particular levels such as the Chinese groups. note#20
4.8 A 1991 intelligence assessment stated:
One feature of heroin trafficking arrangements in Australia that reinforces the notion of an accommodation between operators, is that the majority of the importation efforts of the Chinese criminal groups is geared towards supplying other, non-Chinese, groups for their own distribution networks. The Chinese operate what is largely a heroin wholesale business, with little evidence of their further involvement downstream into retail distribution. note#21
4.9 In much popular discussion, Chinese organised crime is treated as synonymous with the triad societies, although the importance of the connection between the two is a matter for some debate. The following description of the triads is taken in edited form from a 1992 report of a United States Senate subcommittee: note#22
Modern triads trace their history to secret political societies formed in China during the 17th Century to overthrow the Ching Dynasty and to restore the Ming Dynasty to power. The term 'triad', later coined by British authorities in Hong Kong, is based on the triangular symbol found on flags and banners of the early secret societies. The symbol represents the three essential elements of heaven, earth, and man.
Because the early triads were attempting to topple the ruling elements of the day, and had, in fact, been persecuted in the past they developed secret forms of identification and communication. Triads today remain obsessively secretive and closed criminal fraternities. The triads also developed highly ritualized initiation ceremonies meant to instill a strong sense of secrecy, and more importantly, loyalty to other triad members. ...
The existence of triads is most extensively documented in Hong Kong, where the number of triad members is estimated to be in the tens of thousands, and to a lesser extent in Taiwan. ...
Triad societies all display some degree of hierarchy, and a typical triad has members organized by rank. Each rank carries a title and a numerical value, based on triad ritual. The leader of a triad is known as the 'Dragon Head,' and carries the rank '489'. Other 'office bearer' positions also exist, including '438', which is the second highest rank in a triad, and may be held by several different officials. ... other triad members are known as ordinary members or soldiers, and hold the rank of '49'. The relationships among individual triad members are based on ties between 'Dai-Lo's' (big brothers) and 'Sai-Lo's' (little brothers), where the Sai-Lo's give loyalty, support and sometimes money to their Dai-Lo, in exchange for protection and advice.
Although hierarchical in nature, triads tend not to be strictly controlled from the top, in contrast to more familiar crime groups such as La Cosa Nostra. Instead, triad members frequently branch out into their own criminal enterprises. While the triad leadership does not always initiate and direct the activities of all the triad members, triads clearly serve as international networking associations that facilitate such activity. Moreover, monetary profits from criminal activity of triad members often flow to the top in indirect ways, such as through gifts. ...
As one member of the Hong Kong-based 14K triad testified:
"I was not required to pay any percentage of profits to the 14K leadership. Triads do not work that way. Triad members do favors for each other, provide introductions and assistance to each other, engage in criminal schemes with one another, but triads generally do not have the kind of strictly disciplined organizational structure that other criminal groups like the Italian mafia have. For example, a triad member would not necessarily be required to get permission from the dragonhead of his particular triad in order to engage in a particular criminal undertaking - even if the particular deal involved an outsider or even a member of another triad. On the other hand, on the occasion of traditional Chinese holidays such as Chinese New Year, triad members traditionally give gifts to their 'big brother' or 'uncles' who often are office bearers in the triads."
Further testimony regarding relationships among Chinese crime groups came from Johnny Kon, a convicted heroin smuggler and triad member. He noted the importance of the Chinese concept of 'Guan Shi' in facilitating criminal relationships:
"Members of the Big Circle get power from 'Guan Shi' which is a relationship among people. Through such relationships, Big Circle members can call on triad members or other Big Circle members for help."
Triad membership is thus a valuable asset to the new international criminal. Triad membership facilitates criminal activities in a manner similar to the way membership in business associations facilitates the activities of a legitimate businessman. Thus, even though triads, as organizations, may not control a wide range of criminal activity, it is important for law enforcement officials to understand, investigate, and develop intelligence about triad organizations, because individual triad members are invariably involved in a wide range of criminal activity.
Although the criminal activities of triad members can be thought of as constituting both domestic and international activities, even domestic activities such as illegal gambling, extortion, and prostitution often have an international element. For example, prostitutes are imported or smuggled, sometimes against their will, over national borders, while proceeds from illegal domestic activities such as gambling are often laundered internationally. International activities include narcotics trafficking, money laundering, counterfeiting currency and credit cards, and alien smuggling. ...
The RHKP [Royal Hong Kong Police] estimate that there are currently about 50 triad societies in Hong Kong, with about 15 of those being very active. While it is very difficult to determine the exact number of triad members in Hong Kong, most authorities agree that there are at least 80,000. Some triads are thought to have as little as 100 members while Hong Kong's largest triad, the Sun Yee On, is believed to have at least 25,000 members.
After the Sun Yee On, the next largest triads are the Wo Group, including the Wo Hop To and at least nine other subgroups, which have over 20,000 Hong Kong members. The 14K Triad, including over 30 subgroups, is also believed to have over 20,000 Hong Kong members. The fourth largest group is the Luen Group with approximately 8,000 Hong Kong members. The Tung Group is thought to have approximately 3,000 Hong Kong members. All of these groups also have substantial overseas membership. Other triads exist with smaller membership. ...
The Big Circle Gang, which is sometimes referred to as a 'Mainland-based triad' is a relatively new group. This group initially consisted primarily of former Red Army Guards who left China for Hong Kong. Big Circle Gang members are particularly violent, specializing in armed robberies of jewelry stores in Hong Kong as well as in heroin trafficking. The Big Circle Gang is not technically a triad, but most Big Circle Gang members are also members of various triad societies. Johnny Kon, a former Big Circle associate and convicted heroin smuggler, testified that he helped organize a group of Big Circle Gang members into a tightly organized and disciplined group known as the Flaming Eagles which expanded from jewelry store robberies in Hong Kong to a world wide heroin distribution network. All of Kon's Big Circle associates were also members of other triads. ...
The main law enforcement body in Taiwan, the National Police Administration (NPA), recognizes two major Taiwan-based triads. The best known and largest of the two is the United Bamboo Gang, also known as the Chu Lien Pang. The second group is the Four Seas Gang, also known as Sei Hoi.
The United Bamboo Gang has an estimated membership of over 20,000. ... The Four Seas Gang has an estimated membership of over 5,000.
4.10 The Director of the United States Central Intelligence Agency told a United States Senate committee in April 1994:
These triads are fluid associations of criminals and quasi-legitimate businessmen based on contact networks and cultural, geographic and linguistic ties. ... The triads play an important role in worldwide heroin trafficking by facilitating transport and by providing a network of contacts for triad affiliated smugglers. They play a particularly important role in moving heroin through transshipment hubs, such as Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore, due to their influence over transportation unions and over shipping companies. note#23
4.11 Criminal triad societies of a sort are said to exist in Australia, even if they lack some of the characteristics of the traditional Hong Kong triad societies. The National Crime Authority's then Chairperson, Justice Stewart, said in 1988:
Broadly speaking, the Authority's investigations confirm earlier assessments that Chinese criminal elements in Australia have formed criminal associations, modelled to some extent on the traditional Chinese Triad secret societies such as exist in Hong Kong, Taiwan and elsewhere in Asia. These groups involve themselves in a wide range of criminal activities such as drug importation and distribution, extortion, fraud and money laundering.
There is no real evidence that these associations follow Triad initiation ceremonies or other rituals, or adopt a strict internal hierarchy. There is evidence however that members of well known Triad societies are resident in Australia and overseas members visit here from time to time for illegal purposes.
The power of individuals in these Australian Triad groups seems to be based on accumulated wealth, connections or demonstrated capacity for criminal enterprise rather than on traditional Triad power bases. Many of these people move with comparative ease between Australia, Hong Kong and elsewhere in South East Asia. note#24
4.12 In 1988, Mr Peter Lamb, at the time an AFP Assistant Commissioner, said that there were 'between three and ten' triad societies then operating in Australia.note#25 Media reports in 1988 claimed that Australian triad societies had perhaps 2,000 members. note#26 A 1989 report claimed that the 14K triad 'is well organised and well entrenched in Sydney, with offshoots in Melbourne'. note#27 In June 1991 a former NCA officer, Mr Carmel Chow, said: 'We are looking at maybe half a dozen triad groups in Sydney. We are talking about the Sun Yee On, the 14K, the Wo Yee Tong, the Big Circle. So really, we have half a dozen gangs now operating in Sydney.' note#28
4.13 The buyer of a 1988 importation into Sydney of 31 kg of heroin was (John) Chai Nam Yung, who was sentenced in March 1991 to 24 years' imprisonment for his part in the deal. He was described as the head of the Australian branch of the Wo Yee Tong triad, as well as being the owner of an illegal Sydney gambling club.note#29 A media follow-up story on the case said that 'Police sources here estimate that no more than half-a-dozen of these triad cells are operating in Australia, with an estimated membership of between 2000 and 3000' and that 'the majority of triad activity is centred on Sydney'. note#30 A 1992 internal report by the Asian division of the Victoria Police reportedly stated that there were known to be triads based in Melbourne and referred to members from triad groups such as the 14K, Sun Yee On, Wo Yee Tong and Wo Shing Wo. note#31
4.14 A 1992 United States report stated that the Sun Yee On triad has 'a presence' in several countries including Australia, the Wo Hop To triad 'has been tied to criminal activity' in Australia, and the Big Circle Gang 'has gained a foothold' in Australia. note#32 More recent reports from United States sources state that the 14K triad group and the Sun Yee On triad have a foothold in Australia. note#33 In September 1994, a member of the Victoria Police Asian crime squad told a court that the Sun Yee On triad had become more active in Melbourne in the previous year. note#34
4.15 The February 1994 Report of the Review of Commonwealth Law Enforcement Arrangements stated (para. 4.49):
Within Australia, it is apparent that several Triad societies do exist. As in Hong Kong, they provide a local pool of contacts for criminal ventures. Moreover, Australian residents who were Triad members in Hong Kong or other foreign countries have immediate access to a range of colleagues overseas who may be prepared to assist with criminal activities. There have been claims that certain Triad groups in Australia have operated as organisations when establishing gambling and protection rackets, but it is also possible that the criminals concerned were using a Triad's name for their own benefit and were acting outside the organisation.
4.16 As noted in paragraph 2.8 above, as long as people believe in the existence of powerful triad groups, they will be reluctant to resist the demands of those claiming to be triad members, or to inform police of their activities. This provides an incentive for ethnic-Chinese criminals to claim triad membership, however spurious the claim may be or however powerless and unorganised the triad in question may really be. note#35 Thus claims by criminals to be triad members cannot be taken at face value. Equally, assertions that criminal triads exist in Australia as powerful, well-organised, functioning entities must be treated sceptically insofar as the assertions are based on statements from criminals claiming membership in such organisations.
4.17 In 1988, the leaders of a non-criminal triad, the Melbourne-based Mun Ji Dong (MJD), which began life on the Victorian goldfields in the middle of the last century, presented their view on possible criminal triad presence in Australia. note#36
MJD members said law enforcement agencies were on the wrong track if they were working on the 'Chinese Mafia network' theory that international criminal Triads had established themselves in Australia and controlled a comprehensive range of criminal activities.
The MJD said there appeared little evidence that these crime Triads had established themselves here. A more realistic scenario was that some Chinese crime syndicates had individuals on the fringes of the Australian Chinese community, working as contacts for the importation of illicit narcotics and Asian prostitutes.
However, these people appeared to be low-profile operators without established criminal Triad power bases. 'I think we'd have spotted them (established Triad crime gangs) if they were around, but we haven't seen anything to suggest they've established themselves here,' said Mr Edmond Louey, a vice-secretary of the MJD.
Mr Louey said there were indications that some petty Asian criminals claimed 'heavy' Triad affiliations to intimidate victims.
MJD members dismissed suggestions that criminal Triads controlled illegal gambling: Chinese casinos in Melbourne and Sydney were operated by individuals.
4.18 There has in recent years apparently been some difference of opinion among law enforcement agencies in Australia and overseas about how important triads are to understanding and tackling Chinese organised criminal activity. The Chairperson of the National Crime Authority, Mr Tom Sherman told the Committee in 1992:
You get your two schools of thought, really. There is one school of thought that says the Triads are very important, and there is another school of thought that seems to be equally well informed that says that they are not so important. I suspect that, like all things, the truth lies somewhere in between.note#37
4.19 The National Crime Authority's General Manager, Operations, Mr Peter Lamb, made a similar point in a media interview in 1993: note#38
Asked if there was an organised Asian crime system in Australia, Mr Lamb said: 'I don't think anyone who has worked against organised crime would deny that.' But Mr Lamb said that was not to say groups like the Yakuza and Triads had cemented an illegal operation in Australia. The NCA's intelligence shows that some criminal groups in Australia have Triad members. But as Mr Lamb said: 'Whether that equates to the Triads being the real force behind the crime is another matter.'
4.20 As far as the Committee can discern, there is an increasing tendency to play down the relevance of triad links. It is not clear from the material available to the Committee to what extent this tendency is due to a better understanding of Chinese organised criminal activity, and to what extent it might reflect a shift in the way that activity is being conducted. There are suggestions that the more traditional, triad-oriented, way in which those criminal activities were once organised is increasingly being replaced by a more entrepreneurial, ad hoc, and multi-ethnic approach.
4.21 From a United States' perspective, the 1992 United States Senate subcommittee report previously referred to stated:
... neither triads, tongs nor gangs appear to be currently involved, as organizations, in heroin trafficking. While members of these groups frequently utilize their membership to benefit their heroin trafficking enterprises, the groups themselves are not typically part of the heroin smuggling.
... In fact, it is relatively easy for triad members to form criminal associations with members of other triads or with outsiders. note#39
4.22 An overview of the south-east Asian heroin trade was given to that subcommittee by a witness from the Central Intelligence Agency. He also stressed the fragmented, ad hoc organisation that was involved.
The main point is that Southeast Asian heroin trade is highly segmented with many independent organizations conspiring to supply the United States and other consuming countries. As heroin moves through the trafficking chain, control of the shipment is transferred several times:
In the initial phase, producers and refiners in Burma, Thailand and Laos obtain raw opium from farmers and refine it into heroin. Some three-quarters of the region's heroin refining capacity is concentrated just inside Burma.
In the second stage, international brokers in the region arrange the sale, consolidation and movement of large heroin shipments from refineries in Burma through Thailand to transshipment points elsewhere in Asia. note#40
Next, wholesale buyers, in places like Hong Kong and Singapore, purchase heroin from the brokers and move shipments to the United States for resale. The buyers are frequently connected with Chinese or other international organized crime groups.
Finally, retail distribution networks in the United States and Western Europe sell the product on the streets. They often have business connections with the Asian organized crime groups who dominate the wholesale business.
We believe that each heroin shipment has unique features. Processing, financing and transport operations are tailored according to the resources and requirements of the producers and the wholesale buyers. A single heroin shipment may involve multiple transactions between different brokers. note#41
4.23 A 1991 internal review of the NCA's Chinese organised crime reference (Iliad) stated:
Investigations under the Iliad Reference have, however, provided significant collateral for the proposition that Triad organisations in Australia are not central to the heroin trade, but are one element of the Chinese criminal environment in which criminal entrepreneurs undertake a variety of activities, including heroin importation. note#42
4.24 The Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence provided a 'national strategic assessment' in May 1992 called Chinese Organised Crime in Australia. The NCA informed the Committee that:
The ABCI Report considered a range of criminal activities including heroin importation and distribution, prostitution, illegal gambling, violence and money laundering. It also discussed Triad activities and questioned the importance of Triads to an understanding of COC [Chinese Organised Crime] activities in Australia. note#43
4.25 A 1993 paper by two Australian criminologists argued: 'Our ethnically Chinese criminals are just ethnic Chinese criminals; they can be organised in the corporate or enterprise sense but Triad membership or otherwise appears something of an irrelevance'. note#44 Another criminologist, Ian Dobinson, offered a similar view of the role of the triads in ethnic-Chinese organised heroin trafficking. He noted that '...law enforcement in Hong Kong appears to hold the view that small groups are involved and that there are no significant triad links'. note#45 He also argued that:
This is not to suggest that Chinese heroin groups are not 'organized'. Rather, it is to argue that they are not organized in the sense of large hierarchical syndicates inexorably linked to various triads. The significance of these groups in relation to their contribution to heroin availability cannot be denied, but Chinese involvement may be simply a reflection of a criminal counterpart to the legitimate economic dominance of ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia.note#46
4.26 The prevalent view, therefore, appears to the Committee to be that whatever criminal triads exist in Australia do not operate as branches that are subject to control from some overseas headquarters. Indeed, it may be overstating things to regard them as enduring entities at all. In recent years in Australia, loosely-organised, syndicates appear to have been the predominant form in which Chinese organised crime has manifested itself. Some syndicate members may belong to a particular triad, others may belong to different triads, and some syndicate members may not have any triad connections.
4.27 The impetus for engaging in a particular criminal activity seems to come from the individuals rather than a triad. Syndicates form for particular purposes in very flexible ways and may dissolve once the immediate purpose, such as a major heroin importation, has been achieved. Alternatively they may re-form with altered membership for another purpose. Individuals may claim to be members of one triad at one time, and a different triad on a later occasion. The strength of a particular triad may be perceived to increase as particular successful criminals use it to facilitate their activities, and may rapidly decline if these criminals are arrested, retire or shift to another triad. In other words, this view suggests that Australian triads have little enduring strength, continuity of power, or inherent organisation.
4.28 In describing the role of Chinese in 'major and organised crime in Australia', the February 1994 Report of the Review of Commonwealth Law Enforcement Arrangements, focused on the triads, note#47 although it did note that not all organised criminal activity undertaken by people from Chinese backgrounds could be attributed to the triad societies. note#48 In listing the criminal groups and activities upon which it thought the National Crime Authority should focus, the Review Report listed 'Chinese Triad Societies' rather than using an expression such as 'Chinese organised crime groups'. note#49
4.29 Too much, perhaps, should not be read into the expression used. Nonetheless, the Committee found this approach by the Review somewhat puzzling, given the preponderant view (set out above) that concentration on triad societies and membership in them is of only limited value in understand and tackling ethnic-Chinese organised criminal activity. It is interesting to contrast the Review's approach with an April 1994 statement by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation setting out the main international organised crime/drug enterprises that it regards as a major threat to United States society. On Asian organised crime, the statement does not refer to triad societies at all, but defines the groups as follows:
Asian Criminal Enterprises - the groups which pose the greatest threats are:
- Chinese criminal enterprises, such as criminally-influenced Tongs and their affiliated street gangs, which control illegal gambling, loansharking, and extortion activities in many Asian communities.
- Multi-ethnic Asian drug trafficking groups which smuggle Southeast·Asian heroin into the United States.
- Independent Asian gangs with international, national, or regional influence, including violent Chinese and Vietnamese gangs that are transient in nature.note#50
4.30 Justice Stewart told the Committee in 1988 that the NCA had not been able, due to lack of resources, to look at Chinese organised crime in any depth outside Sydney. However, it had evidence which strongly supported the conclusion that Chinese organised crime was just as entrenched in Melbourne as it was in Sydney, and that there was a strong Western Australian connection too. He suggested that wherever there was a Chinese community there would be some organised extortion. note#51
4.31 The South Australian Police Commissioner, Mr David Hunt, said in September 1994 that there was no direct evidence of triad activity in South Australia, although the number of Chinese prostitutes in Chinese-owned massage parlours had increased. note#52
4.32 In relation to the geographical scope of drug trafficking, an intelligence assessment in 1991 stated that:
Intelligence reports suggest strongly that, for most consignments of heroin, Sydney is the main destination point, with importation taking place either in Sydney itself or, on occasion, in other gateway airports for subsequent movement within the domestic transportation system across the country to Sydney. Border interdiction results from law enforcement operations show, likewise, a higher level of detections in Sydney than at any other port in Australia. note#53
4.33 Of the 33.667 kg of heroin seized at the Customs barrier in 1993, just over half (17.576 kg) was seized in NSW. note#54 Data for total seizures (ie. at the barrier and elsewhere in Australia) for 1993 also show the dominance of Sydney: of the 115.8 kg of heroin seized, 90 kg was seized in New South Wales. note#55To the extent that ethnic-Chinese groups dominate the import of heroin, this gives some measure of the distribution of their activities, although the figures fluctuate from year to year. Thus a single seizure of 71.6 kg in Sydney in 1993 accounts for nearly 80 per cent of the total seized in NSW during 1993. A single importation of over 120 kg that was seized in Darwin in September 1994 will similarly have a distorting effect on the 1994 figures.
4.34 In addition, point of seizure is, of course, not necessarily a reliable guide to where the importer is based. In September 1994 an operation involving the AFP and other agencies resulted in the seizure of 37.5 kg of heroin in Perth and another 11 kg in Adelaide. note#56 According to media reports, police believed the heroin originated in the Golden Triangle. It had been imported into Australia on a bulk-carrier through the port of Geraldton by Chinese seamen recruited in southern China and Hong Kong. Police thought that the entire shipment was destined for Sydney and was organised by a Sydney-based group with links to Hong Kong and Canada. Those arrested included Chinese nationals resident in Australia, Hong Kong nationals and Chinese-Canadians.
4.35 The observation was made above (para. 4.7) that much of the heroin importation by Chinese criminal groups is directed towards supplying other, non-Chinese, groups for their own distribution networks. As an illustration, a former Queensland Criminal Justice Commission officer was reported in February 1994 as having said that Chinese heroin importers were the source for an ethnic-Romanian drug distribution network on Australia's eastern seaboard. note#57
4.36 The Western Australia Police Deputy Commissioner, Mr Les Ayton, was recently reported as saying: 'An emerging threat is the cooperation that is developing between Chinese and Italian organised groups (that are) complementing each other with their knowledge of importation practices and distribution networks'. note#58However, the Committee is not aware of other evidence for the emergence of this threat.
4.37 The extent of organised criminal connections between Vietnamese, Vietnamese-born Chinese (Sino-Vietnamese) and other Chinese is unclear. In 1988, Justice Stewart told the Committee that there was some evidence that Chinese organised criminals were using ethnic-Vietnamese as 'foot-soldiers'. note#59 There is more recent evidence that suggests that the Vietnamese are no longer so ready to adopt subordinate roles.
4.38 Deputy Commissioner Ayton recently said: 'Vietnamese criminals, initially, were used by Chinese organised crime for use as couriers and as part of the distribution network. There is good intelligence and anecdotal evidence that the Vietnamese (criminals) are now emerging as major importers of heroin.' note#60 Mr Ayton also said that Vietnamese criminals were acting in concert with Chinese criminals in serious and widespread credit card fraud. He said counterfeit credit cards were being manufactured in Hong Kong and were readily available in Australia to organised crime groups.
4.39 The Australian Federal Police Annual Report 1992-93, p. 57 noted: 'A national intelligence project into Chinese organised crime continued. Research in Sydney has been widened to focus on the Vietnamese and Sino-Vietnamese gangs engaged in heroin trafficking and money laundering.' The NCA's most recent annual report states that NCA investigations in Melbourne had 'identified a Sino-Vietnamese group involved in heroin importation, distribution and other offences'.note#61
4.40 A January 1994 media report referred to the activities of the Criminal Justice Commission and stated:
It is suspected that members of the Vietnamese community may have criminal links to members of the Chinese community in Brisbane. Because of the increasingly noticeable criminal activities of the ethnic Chinese from Vietnam as well as native Vietnamese, a CJC intelligence project has been launched to embrace total Asian crime in Queensland ... note#62
4.41 On the other hand, another recent media report cited an unnamed 'senior Perth academic' as saying that the Vietnamese and Chinese had been fighting for dominance in the Perth heroin market. note#63 The report said in the previous two years the wholesale price of heroin in Perth had dropped from $15,000 an ounce to about $8,000 while the strength (purity) on offer had doubled. Police considered it was plausible to attribute this to the effect of the competition.
4.42 Law enforcement agencies have a legitimate concern that their task will be made more difficult if different groups of organised criminals work together - if for example, the triads form alliances with Italian or Vietnamese organised crime groups. The inconclusive reports that this may be occurring are, however, open to more than one interpretation. They may be no more than a reflection of the view set out above - that much that might be attributed to triad activity is more accurately seen as the work of temporary syndicates and networking by individuals. In the context of this view, alliances with non-triad groups are just further evidence of the opportunistic and ad hoc nature of those who use the triad label.
4.43 Some years ago concerns began to be expressed that the return of Hong Kong to the control of the People's Republic of China in 1997 would lead to an exodus of triad members. It was feared that those leaving would try to establish themselves in criminal activities in countries such as Australia, note#64 although this view was not unanimous. note#65 However, the February 1994 Report of the Review of Commonwealth Law Enforcement Arrangements (para. 4.50) presented a different view:
While there had been concern that there would be an exodus of Triad members from Hong Kong to Australia in the lead up to 1997, it now seems probable that the Triads have already established themselves in southern China and that they are mostly unconcerned about the return to PRC rule.
4.44 It seems that the economic boom in China, especially the part nearest Hong Kong, combined with greater economic freedom in China, have presented attractive opportunities for Hong Kong-based organised criminals. There are media reports of increased triad activity in China, especially in the coastal areas, and in November 1994 China's Justice Minister said that the re-emergence of the triads in China was posing a serious threat to its social stability. note#66
(continue to start of section 5)
(return to table of contents)
4. See for example United States Senate, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Relations, Recent Developments in Transnational Crime Affecting U.S. Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy, Hearings, 21 April 1994 (US Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994), p. 123 where Bill Olson, a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Narcotics and a Fellow at the National Strategy Centre set out what he regarded as five major characteristics of international organised crime:
... Fifth, such groups are generally ethnically based. This is a particular advantage when groups begin to operate beyond their original homes or in multi-ethnic societies. By relying on a closed community of people who speak the same language and have cultural clues about identity that outsiders cannot penetrate easily, such groups developed added protection against penetration by law enforcement.
5. Australian Federal Police, Annual Report 1992-93, p. 58. See also "Police follow drug trail to Russia", Canberra Times, 24 July 1993, p. 16.
6. See Review of Commonwealth Law Enforcement Arrangements, February 1994, AGPS, Canberra, paras. 4.56 - 4.59 for a brief description. See also "Australia the main target for Lebanese drug exports", Australian, 29 March 1994 (reporting claim by Lebanese Interior Ministry referring to cannabis and cocaine, as well as heroin).
7. See for example the evidence of the United States Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division, Robert S. Mueller, before the US Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, Asian Organized Crime, Hearing, 6 November 1991 (US Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992), p. 167:
Let me speak for a moment about the Asian organized crime problem in this country. It, in essence, consists of 4 major groups: first, Chinese organized crime, including triads, criminally-influenced tongs, and street gangs; second, the Japanese criminal society known as the Boryokudan, or "Yakuza"; third, Vietnamese organized crime, which largely consists of street gangs; and, lastly, Korean gangs, some of which are closely associated with the Boryokudan.
8. For two recent contributions see: P. Dickie and P. Wilson, "Defining Organised Crime: An Operational Perspective", Current Issues in Criminal Justice, vol. 4, no. 3, March 1993, p. 215; and D. Greaves and S. Pinto, "Redefining Organised Crime: Commentary on a Recent Paper by Phil Dickie and Paul Wilson", Current Issues in Criminal Justice, vol. 5, no. 2, November 1993, p. 218.
9. National Crime Authority, Corporate Plan July 1993 - June 1996, AGPS, Canberra, 1993, p. 22.
10. G. Wardlaw, "Conceptual Frameworks of Organised Crime Useful Tools or Academic Irrelevancies?", paper delivered at the Australian Institute of Criminology's Organised Crime Conference, Canberra, 5-7 September 1989, p. 4.
11. See for example, para. 4.38 below and "Triads strike on gold cards", Sunday Mail (Brisbane), 23 October 1994, p. 34. See also United States Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, The New International Criminal and Asian Organized Crime, Report, December 1992 (US Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993), pp. 44-45 (footnote omitted):
Losses resulting from counterfeit credit card activity have risen dramatically over the past few years. Technological innovations during the mid-1980's managed to stem a previous spurt of counterfeiting, but the criminal sophistication of Chinese criminal groups based in Hong Kong has led to a notable resurgence of credit card counterfeiting in the past few years. Hong Kong-based counterfeiting rings were responsible for as much as 40 percent of the total worldwide counterfeit credit card losses of about $200 million in 1991. While much of the actual counterfeiting is done in such locales as Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia, the counterfeit cards are now being used in Europe, Australia, and North America as well.
12. See para. 5.12 below in the context of discussion of Vietnamese street gangs.
13. G. Wardlaw, D. McDowell and J. Schmidt, Australia's Illegal Drug Problem: A Strategic Intelligence Assessment, (A paper prepared by The Criminal Environment Assessment Unit), April 1991, Attorney-General's Department, Canberra, para. 5.11.
14. Australian Federal Police, "Australia's Relations with Thailand: An AFP Perspective", September 1994 (a submission from the AFP to the Foreign Affairs Sub-Committee of the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade), p. 4.
15. "Chinese Triads behind '86 pc of heroin seized'", Australian, 13 July 1988, p. 3. Note that the headline uses the figure 86% while the body of the story uses 96%.
16. G. Wardlaw, D. McDowell and J. Schmidt, Australia's Illegal Drug Problem: A Strategic Intelligence Assessment, (A paper prepared by The Criminal Environment Assessment Unit), April 1991, Attorney-General's Department, Canberra, para. 5.35.
17. "Asian crime gangs lead heroin imports", The Weekend Australian, 20-21 November 1993, p. 3
18. New South Wales, Report of the New South Wales Crime Commission for the year ended 30 June 1993, p. 16.
19. Australian Federal Police, "Australia's Relations with Thailand: An AFP Perspective", September 1994 (a submission from the AFP to the Foreign Affairs Sub-Committee of the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade), p. 4.
20. New South Wales, Report of the Crime Commission for the year ended 30 June 1992, para. 2.76.
21. G. Wardlaw, D. McDowell and J. Schmidt, Australia's Illegal Drug Problem: A Strategic Intelligence Assessment, (A paper prepared by The Criminal Environment Assessment Unit), April 1991, Attorney-General's Department, Canberra, para. 5.40.
22. United States Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, The New International Criminal and Asian Organized Crime, Report, December 1992 (US Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993), pp. 3-6, 10-11.
23. United States Senate, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Relations, Recent Developments in Transnational Crime Affecting U.S. Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy, Hearings, 20 April 1994 (US Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994), p. 7.
24. Text of a public statement, 22 June 1988, reproduced in the NCA's Annual Report 1987-88, p. 66.
25. ABC TV, 7.30 Report, 24 October 1988 (transcript, p. 5).
26. For example, see "Chinese Triads behind '86 pc of heroin seized'", Australian, 13 July 1988, p. 3; "The story of a Chinese mafia", Melbourne Herald, 23 August 1988, p. 13; "The day of the Triads: Hong Kong's gangs move in on Australia", Newsweek, 8 November 1988.
27. "Big Circle Gang a maverick group", The Age, 13 May 1989, p. 4.
28. Channel Nine, Sixty Minutes, 23 June 1991 (transcript, p. 2).
29. "How Australian cops snared the triad's diplomat couriers", Sydney Morning Herald, 11 May 1991, p. 45; "The Asian Connection" The Bulletin, 2 April 1991, p. 86.
30. "The Asian Connection" The Bulletin, 2 April 1991, pp. 86, 87.
31. "Police report predicts rise in Asian crime", The Age, 10 August 1992, p. 1.
32. United States Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, The New International Criminal and Asian Organized Crime, Report, December 1992 (US Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993), pp. 9, 10, 11.
33. "Triads linked to Australia", West Australian, 7 September 1994, p. 7 citing "FBI documents".
34. "Police tell of triad push", Herald Sun, 14 September 1994, p. 10.
35. See for example R.J. Kelly, Ko-Lin Chin and J.A. Fagan, "The dragon breathes fire: Chinese organized crime in New York City", Crime, Law and Social Change, vol. 19, 1993, p. 258: "By emulating Triad initiation rites and internalizing Triad norms and values, they [gang members] can claim a certain traditional legitimacy within their communities. This folkloric benediction elevates them above the kind of simple street thug and enables them to instill a level of fear that no other ethnic gangs can match."
36. "Cut out the theatrics, 'good' Triad tells police", Australian, 19 November 1988, p. 4.
37. Parliamentary Joint Committee on the National Crime Authority, in camera Hansard, 27 November 1992, p. 87.
38. "Terror as Asian gangs rule the streets", Sun-Herald, 30 May 1993, pp. 12-13.
39. United States Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, The New International Criminal and Asian Organized Crime, Report, December 1992 (US Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993), p. 29.
40. More recent reports suggest that there has been a significant shift in the trafficking route, with only about half the heroin traffic passing through Thailand, with a significant proportion now going through China: "Pusher With A Cause", Far Eastern Economic Review, 20 January 1994, p. 26.
41. United States Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, Asian Organized Crime: The New International Criminal, Hearing, 4 August 1992 (US Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992), pp. 67-68 (Evidence of D. Cohen, Associate Deputy Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency).
42. NCA, Shamrock Report, April 1991 quoted in a paper by the NCA Intelligence Branch, Progress Report to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on the National Crime Authority on the Chinese Organised Crime National Initiative, December 1992, para. 11.
44. P. Dickie and P. Wilson, "Defining Organised Crime: An Operational Perspective", Current Issues in Criminal Justice, vol. 4, no. 3, March 1993, p. 222.
45. I. Dobinson, "Pinning a Tail on the Dragon: The Chinese and the International Heroin Trade", Crime & Delinquency, vol. 39, no. 3, July 1993, p. 374.
50. United States Senate, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Relations, Recent Developments in Transnational Crime Affecting U.S. Law Enforcement and Foreign Relations, Hearings, 20 April 1994 (US Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994), p. 81 (prepared statement, incorporated in the transcript, of James Frier, Deputy Assistant Director, Criminal Division, FBI). The statement also lists yakuza gangs and eurasian gangs (ie. from the former Soviet Union). Later in the statement (p. 83) the term "multi-ethnic Asian drug trafficking organizations" is expanded:
These groups are often comprised of Chinese, Thai and other Asian criminals, who frequently use their current or past membership in Triads, criminally-influenced Tongs, or gangs to facilitate their activities. These loosely organized groups are global in nature and scope, and are involved in the production, transportation, distribution, and money laundering aspects of international heroin trafficking.
51. Parliamentary Joint Committee on the National Crime Authority, in camera Hansard, 3 June 1988, p. 578.
52. "Fear of gang ties to prostitution", Advertiser, 22 September 1994, p. 9.
53. G. Wardlaw, D. McDowell and J. Schmidt, Australia's Illegal Drug Problem: A Strategic Intelligence Assessment, (A paper prepared by The Criminal Environment Assessment Unit), April 1991, Attorney-General's Department, Canberra, para. 5.27.
54. See Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence, Australian Drug Intelligence Assessment 1993, p. 35.
56. See "Arrests, drug seizure have hurt gang: police", West Australian, 24 September 1994, p. 31; "WA gateway for heroin", Sunday Times, 25 September 1994, pp. 1, 2; and "Massive hauls of high-grade heroin", Sunday Mail (Brisbane), 25 September 1994, pp. 12-13. A report subsequent to completion of this discussion paper indicated that the heroin was originally destined for Canada, and a last-minute change of destination by the ship resulted in the heroin coming to Australia: "Heroin trio face life in jail", West Australian, 10 December 1994, p. 6.
57. "Chinese import drug, Romanians control it", Sunday Mail (Brisbane), 13 February 1994, p. 13.
58. "Triads linked to Australia", West Australian, 7 September 1994, p. 4.
59. Parliamentary Joint Committee on the National Crime Authority, in camera Hansard, 3 June 1988, p. 578.
60. "Triads linked to Australia", West Australian, 7 September 1994, p. 4.
61. NCA, Annual Report 1993-94, p. 30.
62. "CJC probes ethnic links to cocaine, heroin", The Weekend Australian, 1-2 January 1994, p. 3.
63. "Cheap Asian heroin blamed for deaths", West Australian, 8 September 1994, p. 10.
64. See for example, NCA, Annual Report 1987-88, p. 66 (report of 22 June 1988 public statement by the NCA's Chairperson, Justice D. Stewart); M. Booth,The Triads, Grafton Books, London, 1990, pp. 137-38, 148-49; "Police report predicts rise in Asian crime", The Age, 10 August 1992, p. 1.
65. See for example, United States Senate, Committee on the Judiciary and the Caucus on International Narcotics Control, U.S. International Drug Policy - Asian Gangs, Heroin and the Drug Trade, Joint Hearing, 21 August 1990, p. 16 (statement of R.M. Bryant, FBI):
One theory puts forth the idea that the triads will basically leave Hong Kong and come to other countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, whatever. The second theory held by the Royal Hong Kong Police is that they will remain in Hong Kong and exist under the People's Republic of China.
66. "Crackdown urged on rising organised crime", South China Morning Post 29 November 1994, p. 16. See also "Criminals know no boundaries", Sydney Morning Herald, 15 September 1994, p. 15:
Senior criminal intelligence officers in the Hong Kong police believe that the biggest of the Triad gangs, the Sun Yee On, which is thought to have more than 30,000 members in the British colony, now has a stranglehold on the government of Guangdong Province [in mainland China] which boasts one of the world's fastest growing economies.
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
The authors' wake up each morning quite surprised they are still breathing.
The Spymaster has worked in a background of undeclared hostilities over many years. He has gone undercover amongst Nazis, Communists, Marxists and some of the most vicious gangs of criminals in New Zealand. Several times other people have been killed in his place in cases of mistaken identity. The Spymaster has been arrested more times than he can remember and by more outfits than he can remember. He has been on both sides of enforcement operations. He has an in-depth knowledge of offenders in New Zealand and is often sought out by people in high places. Former Prime Minister Rob Muldoon once said of him: "If St Peter ever made a mistake and let you into heaven, there'd be a fistfight in the first five minutes".
Greg Hallett trained in various psychological models in parallel with his architecture degree and training. He travelled widely behind the Iron Curtain during the Cold War, hitchhiking on planes, making bunks out of airmail bags, to party and report between cities. His contacts in Eastern Europe led to deep penetration of the Soviet State, how it functioned and how it was to colonise the West. It was these qualifications that led him to buy buildings in Moscow immediately after the Berlin Wall fell. This led to interviews with the KGB and their revelations about the planned sex-communism and deconstruction of Westerners. What they had planned for the West happened in the West. Equally all modern history can be dated back to 1945. What Hitler planned for the world happened to the world over the next sixty years.
When Hallett teamed up with the Spymaster they found they had many of the insights and historical answers to many of the controversies of Europe from WWII to the Cold War and the present . . . not completely disregarding aspects of the future.
In listening to each other's stories they noticed a lot of common ground and have attempted to lay this bare.
"Take of it what you will. We don't expect you to reject sixty years of official history overnight, but we do expect you to view it with new-found suspicion."
"Any serious attempt at the truth creates controversy and we expect Hitler Was A British Agent
to be considered as the most expedient option of creating war."
The Spymaster says that he will often go on operations and end up in entirely the wrong place with the wrong people at the wrong time, but always much wiser. Through such coincidences, history is often more explicable to the ordinary man than a lot of complicated analysis. We found "filling-in-the-gaps analysis" to be a primary cause of ill-informed history. As such, Hallett and the Spymaster have teamed up to give you riveting insights into how the enemies of war are created and how enemies work together to prolong and expand wars.
The authoritative and unique insider's look at Hitler outlines his missing year, his British psychological training and financial support, his British-linked minders, and the British sabotage of the Hitler assassination attempts. It outlines in great detail, Operation WINNIE THE POOH, Hitler's escape out of Berlin on 2 May 1945, who he flew with, what planes he caught, their serial numbers, where he flew to, who greeted him, where he spent the remainder of his life and what he eventually died of.
WWII has passed its 60-year suppression rule.
Despite this, information coming out about WWII is still controlled as it reflects on how the current wars are carried out.
File theft is such common practise it is a forerunner to any elevation.
Two Intelligence agencies have regularly stolen Hitler was a British Agent and "it has been read at the highest levels" during the final phases of writing. As quickly as it was written it was stolen, and in August 2005 word got back that they would let it out. This came with further inside information and at least one historical act.
STOMPING ON OLD CHESTNUTS
This is a whole new and unique look at all the old chestnuts surrounding Adolf Hitler's rise to power. The author uses the personal assistance of a Spymaster in marshalling much new material surrounding Hitler's origins, his sexuality, and his British Training, long hidden by a conspiracy of British and American political leaders. He takes an in depth look at the British Royal Family and finds them wanting, full of spies, perverts, and morons, with the morons being the least dangerous.
He delves into the James Bond myths and finds the true James Bond was a lot younger and more homicidal than anyone had previously thought. He interview James Bond III on one of the last 'hits' on Adolf Hitler, well after his official death.
He also provides a new take on the mystery surrounding Rudolph Hess. An amazing thought-provoking study from the already detail history of Hess. State secrets abound on nearly every page.
Greg Hallett: "I interviewed the KGB in Moscow in December 1989 at a point when they were open, due to lack of pay. At the time you could buy information for the price of a meal. This led to some psychological information being supplied which led to international contacts and meeting with a Spymaster. The Spymaster and other intelligence operatives have been briefing me for the past three years resulting in ten books. This is book five of ten (and just to confuse you) there are four books in this immediate series."
Hitler was a British Agent covers Hitler's incestuous parentage, his training in Britain, his sex with men, his bizarre sexual habits with women, including fake suicides and murders made to look like suicides. It delves into Hitler's psychiatric condition and how, during his missing year, he was manipulated by 'deconstruction' to perform as a British Agent, that is, an agent for the British war machine.
The book covers Hess and doppelgänger Hess' simultaneous flight to Britain, Anthony Blunt's conception by a royal, Wallis Simpson's sexual practises with King Edward VIII and how she leaked British secrets to Hitler.
Hitler was a British Agent covers Operation JAMES BOND to remove Martin Bormann out of Berlin and exposes for the first time Operation WINNIE THE POOH to remove Hitler out of Berlin. It reveals that the origins of the Cold War were in the hunt for the missing Hitler from 1 May 1945 and this became the excuse for surveillance in virtually every country in the world. Hitler was a British Agent leaves an air that everything that happens now, happens because of 1945.
In the 18 chapters it covers the masterful deceptions of war, the creation of war, the training of top level double agents, the repeated faking of their deaths and their escapes, making this book something of an illusion-buster with applications to the analysis of war now and formulas for the time in between wars. The book explains how the 'real' history applies to the 'real' present.
Many intelligence officers were interviewed in writing this book and they have given the low-down on what really happened in the many wars from 1936. In some cases, they, or their fathers, were the main players in the vignettes. These personal histories date back to the Spanish Civil War with George Orwell and redefine the origins of Animal Farm.
Hitler Was A British Agent is full of Intelligence jokes.
On 2 July 2008 Greg Hallett lodged a Notice of General Appeal citing Helen Clark's attempted murders and murder.
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Reporting News the Main Media Refuses to Touch…
Ex C.I.A. agent breaks it down for american media and public on CNN. Shows documentation on drug dealing money laundering C.I.A.
This man, Michael Ruppert is telling the truth!!! I have done some more research on the topics he speaks of and our nation will be in peril if we do not elect Ron Paul. Ron Paul will lead this country to success and offer our citizens more freedom.
http://www.ronpaulforums.com/showthread.php?147215-The-CIA-selling-drugs
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http://www.livevideo.com/video/CD44598ABA2941F294F5CE4CC03F8200/cia-selling-drugs-in-south-cen.aspx
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